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Early Management - Human Resource - Lecture Slides, Slides of Human Resource Management

Indian Institute of Management (IIM)Human Resource Management

Human Resource is a fundamental branch of Management Sciences. In these Lecture Slides of HRM, the Lecturer has discussed the following key concepts : Early Management, Theory, Organizational, Environments, Multidimensional, Manage Relationships, Varying Degrees, Uncertainty, Stakeholders, Variety

Typology: Slides

2012/2013

Uploaded on 07/25/2013

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Summary: Organizational
Environments
An organization's environment is multidimensional
Organizational must manage relationships with different
stakeholders
Environments create varying degrees of uncertainty
Organizations may respond to environmental uncertainty in
a variety of ways
Part 3: Management
Theory
22
What is a theory?
23
•Simplification of reality
•Identifies variables and the
relationships between variables
•May describe, prescribe, predict or
control
Range of Theories
24
Descriptive Predictive
Prescriptive
Management Theory
Controlling
Physics/Engineering
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Summary: Organizational

Environments

An organization's environment is multidimensional Organizational must manage relationships with different stakeholders Environments create varying degrees of uncertainty Organizations may respond to environmental uncertainty in a variety of ways

Part 3: Management

Theory

What is a theory?

23

  • Simplification of reality
  • Identifies variables and the

relationships between variables

  • May describe, prescribe, predict or

control

Range of Theories

24

Descriptive Predictive

Prescriptive

Management Theory

Controlling

Physics/Engineering

Perspectives on Management

  • Early Ideas
  • Classical Perspective
    • Scientific Management
    • Administrative Management
  • Behavioral Perspective
  • Quantitative Perspective
    • Management Science
    • Operations Management

Early Management Theorists

  • Robert Owen (1771-1858)
    • Importance of human resources; QWL
  • Charles Babbage (1792-1871)
    • Efficiencies of production; div. of labor

Scientific Management

  • Frederick Taylor (1856-1915)

27

  • Midvale Steel (Phila)
  • Determined optimal production time
  • Paid workers more who came close to optimal (piecework pay)
  • What was wrong with this method?

Scientific Management

(cont1)

  • Frank and Lillian Gilbreth (1861-1915;
  • Redesigned tasks for simplification
  • Applications of industrial psychology in workplace
  • Henry Gantt (1861-1919)
  • Work scheduling

28

The Behavioral

Perspective

  • Hawthorne Studies
  • Human Relations Movement

Behavioral Perspective

(cont1)

  • Hawthorne Study 1: Illumination and

productivity (1927-1932)

34

  • Performed by Elton Mayo; Sponsored by GE
  • Result: Increasing (or decreasing) lighting in experimental group led to increased production in both experimental and control groups
  • Why? (A: Both groups received attention)

Behavioral Perspective

(cont2)

  • Hawthorne Study 2: Piecework
    • Performance standards set for task
    • Individuals showed allegiance to group rather than organizational norms by under-producing

35

Behavioral Perspective

(cont3)

  • Maslow's hierarchy of needs
  • McGregor's Theory X and Theory Y

36

  • Theory X-employees do not like to work; managers must direct and control; people lack ambition
  • Theory Y-employees like to work and are motivated; need tools to achieve goals; people seek responsibility and are innovative

Summary of Behavioral

Perspective

1930's to 1940's Focus on employee behavior and psychology Insights into motivation, group dynamics Considered employees valuable resources Limitations: lacks prescriptive capability; not easily implemented in workplace; hard for managers to understand

Quantitative Perspective

  • 1940's to present
  • Mathematical models of management processes and problems
  • Focused on production management
  • Very useful for planning and control
  • Limitations: not applicable to human behavior; models may be simplistic

Example of Quantitative

Model: Forecasting

39

Sales ($) = .567 Advertising ($) +.

population (000) + 14559

Integrative

Perspectives

  • Systems
  • Contingency
  • Theory Z

40