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Basic Electrical Engineering: Fundamentals of Electricity, Summaries of Electronics engineering

University of Cebu (UC)Electronics engineering

This is the introduction to electronics engineering.

Typology: Summaries

2018/2019

Available from 07/22/2022

spuarman
spuarman 🇵🇭

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ELEM 212
Basic Electrical Engineering
Objectives
•To be able to describe the relationship
between voltage, current, resistance (Ohms
Law)
•Know the operating principles of AC –DC
equipment
•Know the basic electrical blueprint, house
wiring and lighting and electrical safety.
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ELEM 212

Basic Electrical Engineering

Objectives

  • To be able to describe the relationship

between voltage, current, resistance (Ohms

Law)

  • Know the operating principles of AC –DC

equipment

  • Know the basic electrical blueprint, house

wiring and lighting and electrical safety.

Basics of Electricity Type of energy: a. Electrical Energy b. Heat Energy c. Atomic Energy d. Mechanical Energy

  • One form of energy can be converted

into another

Example:

Oil - Heat

Atom Composed of sub atomic particles of electrons, protons and neutrons. * Matter can be classified into two groups: Elements or Compound

  • Protons within nucleus (positive polarity +)
  • Neutron within nucleus (neutral)
  • Electrons in orbit. (negative polarity -)
  • The center of the atom is called the Nucleus and contains Neutron and Protons. - Atoms of different elements differ from one another in the number of electrons and protons they contain (Fig. 1-2). In its natural state, an atom of any element contains an equal number of electrons and protons. Since the negative (-) charge of each electron is equal in magnitude to the positive (+) charge of each proton, the two opposite charges cancel. An atom in this condition is electrically neutral, or in balance (Fig. 1-2).

Electric Charge – Since atoms can loose electrons and other atoms gain electrons. Therefore, one object will contain an excess number of electrons and its charge must have a negative or minus ( - ), electric polarity (anion). The object will contain an excess number of number protons and its charge must have a positive or plus (+), polarity (cation). Like charges repel each other; unlike charges attract each other.

Coulomb

The magnitude of electric charge a body possesses is determined by the number of electrons compared with the number of protons within the body. The symbol for the magnitude of the electric charge is Q, expressed in units of coulombs (C). A charge of one negative coulomb, -Q, means a body contains a charge of 6.25 x 10 18 . 1 C = 6.25 x 10 18 electrons. Electric Field It is the region around the charge particle within which the other charges experience the force of attraction and repulsion.

  • To turn an electric motor, we generate an electric field, which generates a magnetic field, which makes the motor spin. So everywhere there’s an electric motor, there’s an electric field.
  • The electric field has the ability to work and this ability is called the electric potential. Potential Difference The potential difference between points A and B, V B

– V

A , is defined to be the change in potential energy of a charge q

moved from A to B, divided by the charge. Units of potential difference are joules per coulomb, given the name volt (V) after Alessandro Volta. 1V= 1 J/C The force of its electrostatic field, an electric charge has the ability to do the work of moving another charge by attraction or repulsion. The ability of a charge to do work is called its potential.

Current The movement or the flow of electrons is called current. To produce current, the electrons must be moved by a potential difference. Current is represented by the letter symbol I. The basic unit in which current is measured is

the ampere (A). 1 A = 1 C/s I = Q / T Current Flow

  • In a conductor, such as copper wire, the free electrons are charges that can be forced to move with relative ease by a potential difference. If a potential difference is connected across two ends of a copper wire , the applied voltage (1.5 V) forces the free electrons to move.

which serve as the negative and positive terminals. The metals are in contact with an electrolyte. Dry cell Button Batteries Lead Storage Batteries