Electrons in Atoms (Chapter 2)
Note: This is a final version of the notes for chapter 2. There will not be any further version of
notes for this, and this will be used for the final exam as preparation material
Process of breaking the bond: Homolytic
Fission
Free Radical: Formation of species with a free
radical
โ Trends of IE
Factors affecting IE:
1. Nuclear Charge
2. Distance between nucleus and outermost
electron
3. Shielding Effect
Ionisation Energy: Converts an atom into an
ion
โX (g) โ X+(g) + e-
Na (s) โ Na (g) ----- (Enthalpy of
Atomisation)
โConverting a solid into a gas
ฮH of 1st IE โ Always Endothermic
1st IE: It is the amount of energy required to remove 1 mol of electrons from 1 mol of gaseous
atoms to form 1 mol of gaseous +1 ion [X (g) โ X+(g) + e-]
2nd IE: It is the amount of energy required to remove 1 mol of electrons from 1 mol of gaseous
+1 ion to form 1 mol of gaseous +2 ions [X+(g) โ X+2 (g) + e-]
3rd IE: It is the amount of energy required to remove 1 mol of electrons from 1 mol of gaseous
+2 ion to form 1 mol of gaseous +3 ions [X+2 (g) โ X+3 (g) + e-]
