Microcontroller & Embedded Systems
17 Mechatronic Engineering 5th Semester
Lecture
Embedded System design
Engr. Bharat Lal Harijan
Lecturer, Department of Electronic Engineering
Mehran University of Engineering and Technology Jamshoro
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Microcontroller & Embedded Systems
17 Mechatronic Engineering 5
th
Semester
Lecture Embedded System design Engr. Bharat Lal Harijan Lecturer, Department of Electronic Engineering Mehran University of Engineering and Technology Jamshoro
Outline
Embedded System Design Model Types Of Embedded System Processors/Devices For Embedded Systems Introduction To PLD’s Classification Of PLD’s Programmable Logic Devices Classification Of PLD’s Programmable Logic Array (PLA) Generic PAL (GAL) Complex Programmable Logic Devices (CPLD) FPGA Applications Of FPGA FPGA Design Flow
TYPES OF AN EMBEDDED SYSTEM
Embedded systems can be classified into different types based on performance & functional requirements and performance of the microcontroller Embedded Systems Based on Performance & Functional Requirements Based on Performance of the Microcontroller Real Time Standalo ne Networked Mobile Small Scale Medium Scale Sophisticated
Types of Embedded System
Standalone Embedded System
- Stand alone embedded systems do not require a host system like a
computer, it works by itself.
- Examples for the stand alone embedded systems are mp 3 players, digital
cameras, microwave ovens and temperature measurement systems
Real time embedded systems
- A real time embedded system is defined as, a system which gives a
required o/p in a particular time.
- These types of embedded systems follow the time deadlines for completion
of a task.
- Examples: Process control for power plants & chemical plants, medical
systems for radiation therapy, patient monitoring , telephone, radio, and
satellite communications, computer games multimedia systems
Types of Embedded System
Small Scale Embedded Systems
- These types of embedded systems are designed with a single 8 or 16 - bit microcontroller, that may even be activated by a battery.
- For developing embedded software for small scale embedded systems, the main programming tools are an editor, assembler, cross assembler and integrated development environment (IDE). Medium Scale Embedded Systems
- These types of embedded systems design with a single 16 or 32 bit microcontroller, RISCs or DSPs.
- These types of embedded systems have both hardware and software complexities
- For developing embedded software for medium scale embedded systems, the main programming tools are C, C++, JAVA, Visual C++, RTOS, debugger, source code engineering tool, simulator and IDE
Types of Embedded System
Sophisticated Embedded Systems
- These types of embedded systems have enormous hardware and software complexities, that may need ASIPs, IPs, PLAs, scalable or configurable processors.
- They are used for cutting-edge applications that need hardware and software Co-design and components which have to assemble in the final system
PROCESSORS/DEVICES FOR EMBEDDED SYSTEMS MCU: 4 - bit MCUs: Intel 4004 (First μP) used in small applications like calculations & Toys. 8 - bit MCUs: The most popular of this is the 8051 family. 16 - bit MCUs: There are a few 16 - bit MCUs like Intel’s 8086 , 8096 , 80196 , some version of PIC, etc. 32 - bit MCUs: ARM (Advanced RISC Machine) is the most popular 32 - bit MCUs use today in image and video applications, it is used in complex applications requiring low power, high speed, and good computing capability.
**PROCESSORS/DEVICES FOR EMBEDDED SYSTEMS
- ASIC (APPLICATION SPECIFIC INTEGRATED CIRCUIT )** The term 'ASIC' stands for 'application-specific integrated circuit'. An ASIC is basically an integrated circuit designed specifically for a special purpose or application. ASIC is built only for one and only one customer. An example of an ASIC is an IC designed for a specific line of cellular phones of a company.
**PROCESSORS/DEVICES FOR EMBEDDED SYSTEMS
- DSP PROCESSORS** A Digital Signal Processor is a specialized microprocessor with its architecture optimized for the operational needs of digital signal processing. The goal of DSPs is usually to measure, filter and/or compress continuous real-world analog signals. Most general-purpose microprocessors can also execute digital signal processing algorithms successfully, but dedicated DSPs usually have better power efficiency thus they are more suitable in portable devices such as mobile phones because of power consumption constraints.
Introduction to PLDs
Classification of PLDs
PLA PAL PROM GAL CPLD FPGA
Programmable Logic Devices (PLDs) Programmable Logic Devices (PLDs) were introduced in the mid 1970s. PLD is a general purpose chip whose hardware can be reconfigured to meat particular specifications. Pre-fabricated building block of many AND/OR gates (or NOR, NAND) "Personalized" by making or breaking connections among the gates 4
Classification of PLDs PLDs Simple PLD(SPLD)
PAL
PLA
PROM
Registered PAL/PLA GAL Complex PLD(CPLD) Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA)
In the mid 1980s, FPGAs (Field Programmable Gate Arrays) were introduced. FPGAs differ from CPLDs in architecture, technology, built-in features, and cost. They are aimed mainly at the implementation of large size, high-performance circuits. Classification of PLDs