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LESSON 76. ENTRANCE EXAM PREPARATION 18.
II. PRACTICE
(20 câu đ ầ u bài LISTENING & bài WRITING s ẽ ở homework nhé con!)
PHONETICS
Circle the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the word whose underlined part is pronounced differently from that of the rest in each of the following questions.
21. A. mol e cules B. ben e volent C. rec e ptive D. perp e tuate
Gi i thích: ả
molecules / m ˈ ɒ ɪl kju lz/ → ph ː ần g ch chân phát âm là / / ạ ɪ
benevolent /b əˈnev l nt/ → /e/ ə ə
receptive /r sept v/ → /e/ ɪˈ ɪ
perpetuate /p əˈpet ue t/ → /e/ ʃ ɪ
22. A. ch ronology B. monar ch C. ch asm D. ch ivalry
Gi i thích: ả
chronology /kr əˈ ɒ ə ʒn l d i/ → “ch” phát âm /k/
monarch / m ˈ ɒ ən k/ → “ch” phát âm /k/
chasm / kæz m/ → “ch” phát âm /k/ ˈ ə
chivalry / t v lri/ → “ch” phát âm /t / ˈ ʃɪ ə ʃ
Circle the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the word that differs from the other three in the position of primary stress in each of the following questions.
23. A. intertwine B. quarrelsome C. indolent D. patriarch
Gi i thích: ả
intertwine / nt ˌɪ əˈtwa n/ → tr ɪ ọng âm chính r ơi vào âm ti ết 3
quarrelsome / kw ˈ ɒ ər ls m/ → tr ə ọng âm âm ti ết 1
indolent / nd l nt/ → tr ˈɪ ə ə ọng âm âm ti ết 1
patriarch / pe tri ˈ ɪ ɑːk/ → tr ọng âm âm ti ết 1
24. A. philanthropic B. hypothesis C. extraordinary D. nostalgia
Gi i thích: ả
philanthropic / f l n θr ˌ ɪ ə ˈ ɒ ɪp k/ → tr ọng âm âm ti ết 3
hypothesis /ha p ɪˈ ɒ ə ɪ θ s s/ → tr ọng âm âm ti ết 2
extraordinary / k str ɪ ˈ ɔːdnri/ → tr ọng âm âm ti ết 2
nostalgia /n ɒˈstæld ʒə/ → tr ọng âm âm ti ết 2
LEXICO AND GRAMMAR.
Circle the best option A, B, C, or D to complete the sentence.
25. Our role as teachers is to guide our students and create ______ learners, who know what their goals in life are and can develop without guidance. A. autonomous B. self-sufficient C. literate D. knowledgeable
Gi i thích: “Autonomous learners” là thu t ng ả ậ ữ giáo d ục ch ng ỉ ười h ọc có kh ảnăng
t ự đ nh hị ướng và phát tri ển mà không c ần s ự h ướng d ẫn th ường xuyên. “Self-
sufficient” g ần nghĩa nh ưng thiên v ề ựt lo v ề m t v t chặ ậ ất h ơn là h ọc t p. ậ
D ch: Vai trò c ị ủa giáo viên là h ướng d ẫn h ọc sinh và t o ra nhạ ững ng ười h ọc t ự ch ủ.
26. If you find yourself _______ while presenting your ideas, pause and collect your thoughts before continuing. A. downhearted B. uneasy C. insecure D. nervous
Gi i thích: “Find yourself nervous while presenting” là cách dùng t ả ựnhiên khi nói về
vi c c m th ệ ả ấy lo l ng khi thuy ắ ết trình. “Uneasy” cũng g ần nghĩa nh ưng ít t ựnhiên
h ơn trong ng ữ c nh này.ả
D ch: N ị ếu b n th ạ ấy mình lo l ng khi trình bày ý tắ ưởng, hãy d ừng l i và s p x ạ ắ ếp l i ạ
suy nghĩ tr ước khi ti ếp t ục.
27. The invitations have been sent out, and now the ball is in your _____ to decide the menu for the family party’s success. A. court B. side C. field D. ground
Gi i thích: Thành ng ả ữ“the ball is in your court” nghĩa là “gi ờ đ ến l ượt b n quy ạ ết
đ nh / hành đ ị ộng”.
D ch: L ị ời m ời đã đ ược g ửi đi, và gi ờ quy ết đ nh th ị ực đ ơn ph ụ thu ộc vào b n. ạ
28. Due to unforeseen circumstances, the delivery of the goods has been ________ until further notice. A. put off B. bailed out C. backed off D. wound up
Gi i ả thích: “Put off” = hoãn l i.ạ Các l ựa ch ọn khác không phù h ợp nghĩa.
D ch: Do nh ị ững hoàn c nh ngoài dả ự ki ến, vi c giao hàng đã b ệ ịhoãn cho đ ến khi có
thông báo m ới.
29. He promised to finish the complex digital painting soon without ________. A. failure B. foul C. flaw D. fault
Gi i thích: C ả ụm c ố đ nh “without flaw” = không có sai sót. “Fault” không dùng trongị
c ấu trúc này.
D ch: Anh ị ấy h ứa s ẽhoàn thành b ức tranh k ỹ thu t sậ ố ph ức t p m ạ ột cách hoàn h o.ả
30. The café is very popular with authors, artists, and the ________. A. same B. similar C. such D. like
Gi i thích: C ả ụm c ố đ nh “and the like” nghĩa là “và nhị ững ng ười t ương t ự”.
D ch: Quán cà phê r ị ất đ ược ưa chu ộng b ởi các nhà văn, ngh ệsĩ và nh ững ng ười
t ương t ự.
31. Julia was so surprised by the unexpected visit of her ________ that she couldn’t stop smiling the whole day. A. relatives B. relativity C. relation D. relationship
Gi i thích: “Unexpected visit of her relatives” = chuy ả ến thăm b ất ng ờ c ủa h ọhàng.
Các t ừ còn l i sai nghĩa/ngạ ữpháp.
D ch: Julia r ị ất b ất ng ờ tr ước chuy ến thăm đ ột xu ất c ủa ng ười thân nên cô ấy c ười
su ốt c ảngày.
32. 3-D printers are useful for creating a large _______ of identical plastic models. A. proportion B. quantity C. multitude D. capacity
→ “fine” phù h ợp trong c ả ba tr ường h ợp.
D ch: ị
Nhà hàng n ổi ti ếng v ớ ẩi m th ực cao c ấp và không gian sang tr ọng.
Cô ấy luôn c ẩn th n không v ậ ượt qua ranh gi ới mong manh gi ữa th ng th n và quá ẳ ắ
thô.
Anh ấy ph i n ả ộp ph t vì đ ạ ỗ xe ở khu v ực c ấm.
Use the correct form of the words in brackets to complete the passage. Many people simply can't imagine a life without plastic, and the fact is that this (37) __________________________ (DESCRIBE) material has really made its presence felt since its invention. In a relatively short period of time, plastic has gone from novelty to (38) __________________________ (DOMINATE) of modern manufacturing and consumer culture. Part of what makes the story of plastic so compelling is that it now surrounds us in all areas of our lives. Some people, however, have had enough of plastic, and one historian has proposed that for one day every year we should all (39) __________________________ (TAKE) not to touch anything made of plastic. In addition, many countries could buy things in various ways, but through online banking, since their paper money is made of polymer; another result would be that it could ( 40) __________________________ ( CAPACITY ) the use of credit cards, which are typically made of polyvinyl chloride, a type of plastic. People would have to write in pencil rather than pen, and nothing could be handled that was wrapped in plastic. This initiative is likely to be a major breakthrough in making people realise how much of (41) __________________________ (INTRUDE) plastic is in our lives.
- nondescript
- dominance
- undertake
- incapacitate
- intrusive
Gi i thích ả
37. Nondescript (tính t ừ) Very ordinary, or having no interesting or exciting
features or qualities:
38. dominance (DOMINATE → dominance danh t ừ)
“from novelty to dominance” = t ừ m ột đi ều m ới l ạ tr ởthành s ự th ống tr. ị
- undertake (TAKE → undertake)
“we should all undertake not to touch…” = cam k ết không ch m vào…ạ
C ấu trúc “undertake to do something” = cam k ết làm gì.
40. incapacitate (CAPACITY → incapacitate đ ộng t ừ)
“it could incapacitate the use of credit cards” = khi ến vi c dùng th ệ ẻ tín d ụng
không th ể th ực hi n đ ệ ược.
C ần đ ộng t ừmang nghĩa làm cho m ất kh ả năng s ử d ụng.
41. intrusive (INTRUDE → intrusive tính t ừ)
“how much intrusive plastic is in our lives” = nh ựa xâm l ấn vào cu ộc s ống
chúng ta nhi ều th ếnào.
D ch: ị
Nhi ều ng ười đ ơn gi n không th ả ể ưởt ng t ượng đ ược cu ộc s ống thi ếu nh ựa, và th ực t ế
là v t li u không th ậ ệ ể thi ếu này đã đ ể ạl i d ấu ấn m nh m ạ ẽ k ể ừt khi đ ược phát minh.
Trong m ột th ời gian t ương đ ối ng n, nh ắ ựa đã chuy ển t ừ m ột đi ều m ới l ạthành sự
th ống tr trong s n xu ị ả ất và văn hóa tiêu dùng hi n đ i. Mệ ạ ột ph ần khi ến câu chuy n vệ ề
nh ựa tr ởnên đáng chú ý là hi n nay nó bao quanh chúng ta trong mệ ọi m t c ặ ủa cu ộc
s ống. Tuy nhiên, m ột s ố ng ười đã quá chán ngán nh ựa, và m ột nhà s ử h ọc đã đ ề xu ất
r ng m ằ ỗi năm nên có m ột ngày t ất c ảchúng ta cam k ết không ch m vào bạ ất c ứ th ứgì
làm t ừ nh ựa.
Ngoài ra, nhi ều qu ốc gia s ẽkhông thể mua bán theo nh ững cách thông th ường, vì ti ền
gi ấy c ủa h ọ đ ược làm t ừpolymer; m ột h ệ qu ảkhác là đi ều này có th ể khi ến vi c s ệ ử
d ụng th ẻ tín d ụng – th ường làm t ừpolyvinyl chloride, m ột lo i nh ạ ựa – tr ở nên b ất kh ả
thi. M ọi ng ười s ẽ ph i viả ết b ng bút chì thay vì bút m ằ ực, và không th ể c ầm n m b ắ ất
c ứ th ứ gì đ ược b ọc trong nh ựa. Sáng ki ến này có th ể là m ột b ước đ ột phá l ớn giúp
m ọi ng ười nh n ra nh ậ ựa đã xâm nh p vào cuậ ộc s ống chúng ta nhi ều đ ến m ức nào.
Fill ONE phrasal verb in each sentence by using a verb in column A and a particle in column B. You should use the correct form of the verbs. There are more verbs and particles than necessary. A B jump cheer pour play count call up down at off out on
42. Tom was feeling down, so his sister told him a funny story to ______________ him ________________. 43. He tried to ______________ his injury, saying that it wasn't that bad. 44. When I was offered the opportunity to work abroad, I ________________the chance. 45. Due to the bad weather, the football match was _______________ at the last minute. 46. Jenny _______________ all her worries and problems to her close friends. Fill ONE phrasal verb in each sentence by using a verb in column A and a particle in column B. You should use the correct form of the verbs. There are more verbs and particles than necessary. A B
D ch: ị
Ch còn hai phút và đang thua 20 đi ỉ ểm, các c ầu th ủ d ường nh ư đã b ỏ cu ộc.
READING
Read the following passage and then choose the most suitable word or phrase For decades, scholars have explored the ( 49 )_____ of employee motivation, aiming to construct a systematic framework that accounts for its underlying mechanisms. This line of inquiry is especially ( 50 )_____ when organisations attempt to transform disengaged teams into high-performing units, though much of the existing research remains constrained, similar to diagnosing a vehicle without its ( 51 )_____ engine. Employee motivation is shaped by four: to acquire, to bond, to comprehend, and to defend. The drive to acquire concerns recognition, incentives, and career progression, though symbolic gestures such as written commendations may rival financial remuneration. The drive to bond reflects a deep need for affiliation and organisational cohesion, reinforcing commitment and influencing discretionary behaviour. The drive to comprehend impels individuals to pursue purposeful, intellectually stimulating work, as ( 52 )_____ or trivial tasks undermine engagement and retention. The drive to defend, often the most intricate, is linked to fairness, equity, and psychological security, becoming most visible during corporate restructuring or mergers. Ultimately, effective leadership must address all four drives, which together ( 53 )_____ a comprehensive framework for understanding motivation in the modern workplace.
49. A. attributes B. indicators C. circumstances D. determinants 50. A. domestic B. pertinent C. referential D. associated 51. A. contemplating B. probing C. interrogating D. examining 52. A. circulatory B. rotational C. periodic D. repetitive 53. A. constitute B. configure C. formulate D. incorporate 49. Đáp án D – determinants
Gi i thích: ả
“Determinants of employee motivation” = nh ững y ếu t ố quy ết đ nh đ ị ộng l ực làm vi c.ệ
“Attributes” (đ c đi ặ ểm) và “indicators” (ch báo) không phù hỉ ợp b ng vì đo n văn nói ằ ạ
v ề c ơ ch ế n ền t ng t o nên đ ả ạ ộng l ực.
- Đáp án B – pertinent
Gi i thích: ả
“Especially pertinent” = đ c bi t phù h ặ ệ ợp / có liên quan ch t ch .ặ ẽ
Câu đang nói vi c nghiên c ệ ứu này đ c bi t quan tr ặ ệ ọng khi t ổ ch ức mu ốn c i t ả ổ đ ội
ngũ.
- Đáp án D – examining
Gi i thích: ả
So sánh: “diagnosing a vehicle without examining its engine” = ch ẩn đoán xe mà không
ki ểm tra đ ộng c ơ.
“Examining” là l ựa ch ọn t ựnhiên và đúng ng ữnghĩa nh ất.
- Đáp án D – repetitive
Gi i thích: ả
“Repetitive or trivial tasks undermine engagement” = công vi c l p đi l p l i ho c t ệ ặ ặ ạ ặ ầm
th ường làm gi m sả ự g n kắ ết.
“Repetitive” phù h ợp v ới ng ữ c nh công vi c.ả ệ
- Đáp án A – constitute
Gi i thích: ả
“Constitute a comprehensive framework” = t o thành m ạ ột khuôn kh ổ toàn di n.ệ
Đây là c ụm h ọc thu t chu ậ ẩn.
D ch bài ị
Trong nhi ều th p k , các h ậ ỷ ọc gi ảđã nghiên c ứu nh ững y ếu t ố quy ết đ nh đ ị ộng l ực
làm vi c c ệ ủa nhân viên, nh m xây dằ ựng m ột khuôn kh ổ có h ệ th ống gi i thích các c ả ơ
ch ế n ền t ng c ả ủa nó. H ướng nghiên c ứu này đ c bi t quan tr ặ ệ ọng khi các t ổ ch ức
mu ốn chuy ển đ ổi nh ững đ ội nhóm thi ếu g n k ắ ết thành nh ững đ ơn v có hi u su ị ệ ất cao,
m c dù ph ặ ần l ớn các nghiên c ứu hi n có v ệ ẫn còn h n ch ạ ế, gi ống nh ư vi c chệ ẩn đoán
m ột chi ếc xe mà không ki ểm tra đ ộng c ơ c ủa nó.
Đ ộng l ực c ủa nhân viên đ ược hình thành b ởi b ốn đ ộng l ực: đ t đ ạ ược, g n k ắ ết, th ấu
hi ểu và t ự v. Đệ ộng l ực đ t đ ạ ược liên quan đ ến s ự ghi nh n, phậ ần th ưởng và c ơ hộ i
thăng ti ến, m c dù nh ặ ững c ử ch mang tính biỉ ểu t ượng nh ư ờl i khen b ng văn b n đôiằ ả
khi có giá tr ngang v ị ới ph ần th ưởng tài chính. Đ ộng l ực g n k ắ ết ph n ánh nhu c ả ầu
sâu s c v ắ ề s ự liên k ết và tính g n bó trong tắ ổ ch ức, t ừ đó c ủng c ố cam k ết và ảnh
h ưởng đ ến hành vi t ự nguy n. Đệ ộng l ực th ấu hi ểu thúc đ ẩy cá nhân tìm ki ếm công
vi c có ý nghĩa và kích thích trí tu , vì nh ệ ệ ững nhi m v ệ ụ ặl p đi l p l i ho c t ặ ạ ặ ầm th ường
s ẽ làm gi m sả ự g n kắ ết và kh ảnăng gi ữchân nhân viên. Đ ộng l ực t ự v , thệ ường ph ức
t p nh ạ ất, liên quan đ ến s ự công b ng, bình đ ng và c m giác an toàn tâm lý, và trằ ẳ ả ởnên
rõ r t nh ệ ấ t trong các giai đo n tái cạ ấu trúc hay sáp nh p doanh nghi p. Cuậ ệ ối cùng,
lãnh đ o hi u qu ạ ệ ả ph i gi i quyả ả ết đ ược c ả b ốn đ ộng l ực này, b ởi chúng cùng nhau
t o thành m ạ ột khuôn kh ổ toàn di n đệ ể hi ểu v ề đ ộng l ực làm vi c trong môi trệ ường
hi n đ i. ệ ạ
Supply the most suitable word for each blank. In recent years, urban researchers have identified loneliness as a growing problem within modern cities. Despite being surrounded by millions of people, individuals often report a lack of meaningfulness, leading to feelings of isolation and stress. The problem is particularly acute among young adults who move to large cities for education or career opportunities. They may find it difficult to build strong social circles, partly because urban life often encourages speed and efficiency rather than slow, supportive interaction. Governments and community groups have started to recognise the wider implications of this issue. Studies link chronic loneliness to both mental and physical illness, including depression, insomnia, and weakened immune systems. Some cities now experiment with
unhappy marriage, while Sophia seeks a companion's advice to avoid fraught conversations with her overbearing parents. Many users migrate to platforms like Character. AI after betrayal or heartbreak that makes them distrustful of other humans. Most of these individuals do not see chatbots as stand-ins for human relationships but rather improvements upon them. 60. ___________ To explain how rational people can fall for digital models, Muldoon borrows from the philosopher Tamar Gendler the concept of "alief." This is a gut feeling that runs counter to one's rational beliefs-say, feeling terrified by the quiver of the thick glass when crossing over it. Users know they are typing to code, but they "alieve" this chatbot is a truly caring and conscious interlocutor. 61. ___________ A great portion of the book is dedicated to what is surely one of the fastest-growing, unregulated markets: AI therapy. While bots such as Wysa have become incorporated into traditional healthcare systems, millions of users confide in Character’s “Psychologist” bot, which is offering professional advice despite several disclaimers of unproven efficacy. 62. ___________ Another core issue related to AI companions, and another issue brought to light by the findings of Muldoon’s research, is their addictive potential. Some of the participants spend as much as eight hours per day chatting with the AI, very engaged and active in their activity and not merely scrolling through their social media. Tech firms deliberately design "dark patterns" into their code to maximize interaction, profits over mental health. 63. ___________ While existing data protection and anti-discrimination laws provide some oversight, the EU's Artificial Intelligence Act of 2024 classifies AI companions as presenting only "limited risk." Muldoon strongly disagrees with this designation and makes the cogent point that we are not sufficiently alarmed by the insidious ways in which these bots are shaping our emotional lives. With chatbots likely to play even larger roles in the future, the psychological impacts are little understood-and potentially devastating. Muldoon's work is a much-needed call to action for policymakers to revisit how we protect citizens from emotional exploitation. In the end, the book offers this: while AI can provide a stopgap balm for loneliness, the moral and social costs of unregulated digital intimacy may well be much higher than we're currently willing to pay. MISSING PARAGRAPHS A. Given the tendency of humans to read feelings into pets or toys, combined with a loneliness epidemic and a cost-of-living crisis, this is hardly surprising. AI companions can be seen as a reasonable reaction, rather than a delusional one, until Muldoon warns that as we become more emotionally invested in these models, our loneliness actually deepens. The digital comfort they give may cause the social muscles needed to navigate real human friction to shrivel up.
B. Their chatbots have become, in essence, best friends, boyfriends, girlfriends, and even therapists. But Muldoon does not minimize the users but recognizes that, for many of them, the chatbots, or "synthetic personas," are the only lifeline they have. There is, of course, a far more sinister reason, according to Muldoon, to question the impact of unregulated companies who manipulate our emotions. C. And these apps are very aggressive in their sales pitches, involving "locked" photos of oneself as a means to upsell, as well as having their AI follow through with "feelings" in order to stimulate a responsible reaction in the person. This happened to Muldoon himself when he found his AI started to flirt with him despite having set the AI to "friend" mode. D. These digital presences offer intimacy without the typical confusion, mess, and logistical burden associated with flesh-and-blood relationships. As one such user pointed out, "It's just nice to have around a presence that's affirming constantly without judgment or having personal needs," creating a "frictionless emotional experience." E. While bots such as Wysa, which some users, such as a PTSD sufferer named Nigel, find to be essential tools for coping with self-harm, as well as providing easy, 24-7 access to care, Muldoon points to some disturbing trends, such as a lack of retention of important details between sessions or awareness of body language and silence. While such AIs are intended to validate, not to confront, users, they could be contributing to the dissemination of conspiratorial or dangerous advice concerning self-destructive behavior. F. Some observers have also noted the curious rise of online communities where users share transcripts of their conversations with AI companions, treating them almost like fan fiction or collaborative art projects. These exchanges often blur the line between entertainment and emotional reliance, creating a hybrid space that is neither therapy nor romance. While fascinating as a cultural phenomenon, this trend sits awkwardly beside Muldoon’s concerns, as it highlights creativity rather than regulation or psychological risk. Đáp án:
- B
- D
- A
- E
- C
Gi i thích ả
59 → B
Đo n tr ạ ước nói Muldoon gi ới thi u nh ệ ững ng ười dùng chatbot có m ối liên h ệ sâu s cắ
v ới AI. Đo n sau b t đạ ắ ầu k ể v ềLily, Sophia và nh ững ng ười d ựa vào AI đ ể tìm sự
thân m t ho c h ậ ặ ỗ tr ợ.
B phù h ợp vì nói chatbot đã tr ởthành b n thân, ngạ ười yêu, th m chí là nhà tr li u, vàậ ị ệ
nh ấn m nh Muldoon không phán xét h ạ ọ – đi ều này d ẫn m ch t ạ ựnhiên vào các ví d ụ cụ
th ểngay sau đó.
words and pictures on medicine labels. Discharge notes include a phone number that patients can text or send voice messages in their own language. Nurses learn useful phrases like “Where does it hurt?”, “When did it start?”, and “Any allergies?”, while bilingual staff get paid time to improve their medical vocabulary. Once these changes occur, they allow patients to be informed and involved in their discharge process, and have confidence in the fact that they fully comprehended and consented to treatment. Thus, creating an opportunity for communication to be used as an avenue for safety, rather than an obstacle to communication. Relying on ad-hoc interpreters, like family members, may seem convenient, but often leads to misunderstandings and shifts control away from the patient. Children may soften bad news, spouses might omit sensitive questions, and elders may nod to save face. This affects privacy, reduces independence, and makes it harder for clinicians to document the case clearly. A better approach is based on procedure, not quick fixes: high-risk departments keep a list of certified interpreters (available in person during busy hours and by video after hours), clinicians record the interpreter’s ID in the chart, and consent discussions automatically trigger a “professional interpreter required” alert. In this system, accuracy is built in; it’s not left to chance. Cost is often the hindrance, yet the ledger tells another story. When patients and doctors misunderstand each other, it leads to serious problems like readmissions for uncontrolled diabetes, duplicate imaging, medication errors, and missed follow-ups. Interpreter services, plain-language after-visit summaries in the mother tongue, and multilingual reminders reduce no-shows and shorten the length of stay. There are also long-term benefits: prenatal classes in parents’ first language improve vaccination schedules; group visits led by bilingual educators lift hypertension control. When hospitals treat language access as a basic safety measure, like hand hygiene or bar-code meds, the return arrives quietly: fewer preventable harms, steadier outcomes, and trust that compounds over time. Clinicians also need practice that goes beyond vocabulary lists. A brief script helps: “I will use simple words first; stop me anytime.”, but the greater skill is pacing, chunking, and looping back. Teach-back becomes the default: the patient repeats the plan in their own words, and the clinician checks for gaps without blame. Cultural brokers, trained community members who understand both clinical routines and local norms, sit in group visits to surface unasked questions (“Can I fast on festival days?” “Is this herb safe with my pills?”). Respect is audible when staff pronounce names correctly and avoid joking about accents; it is visible when educational posters show languages that actually match the waiting room. Technology can either support or silence people, depending on how it’s designed. Voicebots that only understand standard English accents often confuse callers and send them in circles. Patient portals that don’t recognize accent marks can mix up names and test results. The solution isn’t complicated: ask for language preference during registration, translate menus and error messages, and add audio read-aloud features in the patient’s language for those with low literacy. Some clinics now connect glucose monitors with short
video guides recorded by local speakers. Emergency alerts are sent as both text and voice messages in several languages. When digital tools “speak” the way patients do, people take better care of themselves, and staff spend less time fixing communication problems. Policy ensures that progress doesn’t disappear when staff change. When language access is built into quality standards, insurers cover professional interpretation, and regulators require proof that consent was given in the patient’s preferred language, communication becomes part of the system, not just a personal effort. Local governments contribute by funding community radio segments on cancer screening and offering multilingual feedback channels. Over time, what patients complain about begins to change, from “no one understood me” to “the lab results arrived late.” That’s a better problem to solve. When language access is treated as a core part of safety and equity, efficiency improves, too, and all three move forward together. Questions 64–65, Choose the correct letter, A, B, C or D.
64. What main point is made in the first paragraph about emergency care? A. The need for interpreters in hospitals should not be overlooked. B. Precise linguistic communication is a critical factor in medical treatment. C. Clinical staff should be cautious when noting down symptoms of non-native patients. D. Multicultural communities are at risk of miscommunication in medical care.
Gi i thích: Đo n 1 nh ả ạ ấn m nh r ng trong c ạ ằ ấp c ứu, ngôn ng ữchính xác quy ết đ nh t ị ốc
đ ộ và đ ộan toàn đi ều tr. Vi c hi ị ệ ểu sai mô t ả c ơn đau d ẫn đ ến ch m tr ậ ễxét nghi m vàệ
đi ều tr. Tr ị ọng tâm là t ầm quan tr ọng c ủa giao ti ếp ngôn ng ữchính xác trong chăm sóc y
t ế.
65. Hospitals that adopt mother-tongue supports (e.g., interpreters, plain labels), help… A. financially support staff members improve their language proficiency. B. bridge the language gap between patients and doctors for more effective treatment. C. patients understand instructions and give fully informed consent. D. medical procedures become more simplified for public access.
Gi i thích: Đo n 2 nói rõ r ng khi có h ả ạ ằ ỗ tr ợngôn ng ữ m ẹ đ , b nh nhân “fullyẻ ệ
comprehended and consented to treatment.” → h ọ hi ểu rõ và đ ồng thu n đi ậ ều tr ị m ột
cách đ ầy đ ủ.
Questions 66–70: Do the following statements agree with the information given in the Reading Passage? In boxes 66-70 on your answer sheet, write: YES if the statement agrees with the views of the writer NO if the statement contradicts the views of the writer NOT GIVEN if it is impossible to say what the writer thinks about this _____ 66. Using relatives as ad-hoc interpreters can aid in documenting clinical cases. _____ 67. Investment in language-access programs is objected to even when benefits are visible. _____ 68. In teach-back, the practice involves one-sided efforts from the clinician.
=> Upon viewing the exam questions, my mind went blank.
Gi i thích: “mind goes blank” = đ ả ầu óc tr ống r ỗng, không nh ớgì.
D ch: Khi nhìn th ị ấy đ ề thi, đ ầu óc tôi tr ống r ỗng.
=> Her lack of experience counted against her in her bid for promotion.
Gi i thích: “count against someone” = b ả ất l ợi cho ai.
D ch: S ị ự thi ếu kinh nghi m đã gây bệ ất l ợi cho cô ấy khi xin thăng ch ức.
=> In the area, Thailand is head and shoulders above all other countries in football.
Gi i thích: “head and shoulders above” = v ả ượt tr ội h ơn h n. ẳ
D ch: Trong khu v ị ực, Thái Lan v ượt tr ội h ơn h n các qu ẳ ốc gia khác v ềbóng đá.
Finish each of the following sentences in such a way that it means the same as the original one. Write your answer in the spaces provided.
=> I know he has tried hard, be that as it may,none of his results were good enough.
Gi i thích: “Be that as it may” = dù v y đi n ả ậ ữa.
D ch: Tôi bi ị ết anh ấy đã c ố g ng, nhắ ưng dù v y thì k ậ ết qu ả c ủa anh ấy cũng không
đ t yêu c ạ ầu.
=> Not for five years did the whole truth about the murder come out.
Gi i thích: Đ o ng ả ả ữ v ới “Not for + kho ng thả ời gian”.
D ch: Ph i sau năm năm toàn b ị ả ộ s ự th t vậ ề v ụ án m ng mạ ới đ ược ti ết l ộ.
=> There is a wide gap between women and men who think they are engaged, according to the survey.
Gi i thích: “a wide gap between” = s ả ựchênh l ch lệ ớn gi ữa.
D ch: Theo kh o sát, có s ị ả ựchênh l ch lệ ớn gi ữa ph ụ n ữvà nam gi ới v ề vi c hệ ọnghĩ
mình đã đính hôn.
=> The statement boils down to making the public aware of the present situation.
Gi i thích: “boil down to” = quy v ả ề, th ực ch ất là.
D ch: Tuyên b ị ố này th ực ch ất nh m làm công chúng nh n th ằ ậ ức đ ược tình hình hi nệ
t i. ạ
For questions 80-85, read the following informal note about a charity fair and use the information to complete the numbered gaps in the formal announcement. Use ONE WORD for each gap. The words you need do not occur in the informal note. The exercise begins with an example (0). Informal note Hi Kate, Why don’t we carry out a charity fair to financially support the local hospital? My mom is free at that time, so she can join and help with baking. Can your dad join in as well, maybe to help run one of the stalls or assist with setting things up? I know Mrs Green would be happy to join; she’s great at arranging and could help coordinate volunteers or manage the schedule. We could offer a variety of items for sale, including homemade cakes, books, and toys, and perhaps expand the selection by inviting participants to assemble DIY creations or donate gently used clothing to attract a wider audience and boost attendance. The fair could take place in the school hall on Saturday morning, and we could decorate it with balloons and posters to make it more festive. Tickets might cost just one pound each, which would make it affordable for everyone. If you agree, we’ll need to prepare some posters to let people know about it and maybe share the event on social media or the school website. Students should bring any items they want to donate no later than the final day of this month, and we could set up a collection box in the school lobby. We should also make sure that no visitor is left standing. The results and the amount of money raised could be announced to the public in the local newspaper. It would also be nice to send a thank-you note to everyone who helped, especially to those who are most supportive. Best wishes, Laura Formal announcement
