Ester Manufacturing Processes - Process Design Practice - Lecture Slides, Slides of Process Engineering

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Background

of

Ester

Manufacturing

Processes

Overview

Chemistry

Thermodynamics

Flowsheet

Development

Chemistry

Equilibrium

Limited

Catalysts

Typically acid catalyzed - Homogeneous (sulfuric acid) - Heterogenous (amberlyst resins) Ester Keq (@ 363 K) Equimolar Equilibrium Conversion Methyl Acetate

80% Ethyl Acetate

65% Isopropyl Acetate

75% Butyl Acetate

77% Pentyl Acetate

56%

Thermodynamics

Nonideal

liquids

This is a chemical system rather than a hydrocarbon or petrochemical one

Significant

liquid

phase

noidealities

can

exist

Azeotropes

Liquid

Liquid Behavior Sat i i i i i P x P y

 

Thermodynamics

Vapor

Phase

Association

H R C OO H O C R O     H O C R O         H R C OO H O C R O

Thermodynamics

Vapor

Phase

Association

In the vapor phase carboxylic acids can form weakly bound dimers

trimers

This has an impact on vapor phase density, fugacity, and enthalpy Sat i i i i i P x P y

 

Flowsheet

Development

Chemistry

Issues

Equlibrium limited

Solid or homogenous catalyst

Thermodynamic

Issues

Azeotropes

Liquid

Liquid Equilibria

Flowsheet

Development

Reaction Section  CSTR(s)  PFR  Feed ratios (which RM is easier to recover?)  Catalyst introduction & recovery Reaction Separation Raw Materials Recycles Products Wastes Separation Section  How can raw materials be recovered?  Can LLE be exploited? (extractors/decanters/reflux decanters)  What sequence should the separation be done?