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BIOLOGICAL EVOLUTION
CHANGE IN GENETIC PROPERTIES OF POPULATIONS OVER
THE COURSE OF GENERATIONS.- DESCENT WITH
MODIFICATION
TERM 2
EVOLUTION
DEFINITION 2
CHANGER IN POPULATIONS OVER TIME
TERM 3
WITHIN POPULATIONS
DEFINITION 3
CHANGE IN GENES BETWEEN GENERATIONS-EX: SHIFT OF
PROPORTIONS OF INDIVIDUALS IN A POPULATION
TERM 4
BETWEEN POPULATIONS
DEFINITION 4
CHANGE OF PROPORTIONS OF DIFFERENT POPULATIONS-EX:
SHIFT OF PROPORTIONS OF POPULATIONS OF BLACK MOTHS
VS WHITE MOTHS
TERM 5
FOUR MISCONCEPTIONS
DEFINITION 5
1- EVOLUTION AND NATURAL SELECTION ARE THE SAME2-
INDIVIDUALS UNDERGO EVOLUTION3- EVIDENCE FOR
EVOLUTION IS LIMITED4- EVOLUTION CANNOT EXPLAIN
ORIGINATION OF NEW SPECIES
"EIDOS"
IDEA, FORM, CONCEPT
TERM 7
BEFORE DARWIN
DEFINITION 7
PRE-1859, PLATO, ARISTOTLE, LAMARCK, HUTTON AND
LYELL
TERM 8
ESSENTIALISM
DEFINITION 8
VARIATION IS ACCIDENTAL IMPERFECTION-EX: INDIVIDUALS
HAVE IMPERFECTIONS THAT GET PASSED ON
TERM 9
UNIFORMITARIANISM
DEFINITION 9
THE PRESENT IS THE KEY TO THE PAST- HUTTON AND LYELL
TERM 10
CATASTROPHISM
DEFINITION 10
SUDDEN VIOLENT EVENTS ARE RESPONSIBLE FOR THE
CURRENT STATE OF THE EARTH
TWO MAJOR THESES IN ORIGIN OF SPECIES
-DESCENT WITH MODIFICATION (EVOLUTION- CAUSAL AGENT
OF EVOLUTIONARY CHANGE (NATURAL SELECTION)
TERM 17
DESCENT WITH MODIFICATION
DEFINITION 17
TERM TO DESCRIBE BIOLOGICAL EVOLUTION
TERM 18
NATURAL SELECTION THESIS
DEFINITION 18
-CAUSE OF EVOLUTION-DIFFERENTIAL SURVIVAL-
REPRODUCTIVE SUCCESS OF CLASSES OF ENTITIES THAT
DIFFER IN CHARACTERISTICS THAT ARE INHERITED FOR
EVOLUTION BY NATURAL SELECTION
TERM 19
5 THEORIES OF ORIGIN OF SPECIES
DEFINITION 19
1-EVOLUTION AS SUCH2-COMMON DESCENT3-
GRADUALISM4- POPULATION CHANGE5- NATURAL SELECTION
TERM 20
EVOLUTION AS SUCH
DEFINITION 20
CHARACTERISTICS OF LINEAGES OF ORGANISMS CHANGE
OVER TIME
COMMON DESCENT
ALL LIFE COULD BE PORTRAYED IN A FAMILY TREE
TERM 22
GRADUALISM
DEFINITION 22
DIFFERENCES IN RADICALLY DIFFERENT ORGANISMS HAVE
EVOLVED INCREMENTALLY BY SMALL STEPS THROUGH
INTERMEDIATE FORMS
TERM 23
POPULATION CHANGE
DEFINITION 23
EVOLUTION OCCURS BY CHANGES IN PROPORTIONS OF
INDIVIDUALS WITHIN A POPULATION THAT HAVE DIFFERENT
INHERITED CHARACTERISTICS
TERM 24
NATURAL SELECTION THEORY
DEFINITION 24
PROPORTIONAL CHANGES DESCRIBED BY THE OTHER
THEORIES ARE CAUSED BY THE DIFFERENCES IN THEIR
ABILITY TO SURVIVE AND REPRODUCE, RESULTING IN
EVOLUTION OF ADAPTATIONS
TERM 25
DARWINIAN VIEW
DEFINITION 25
EVOLUTION IS ADAPTIVE, EVOLVED BY NATURAL SELECTION
ERNST MAYR
THREE MAJOR CONTRIBUTIONS1-BIOLOGICAL SPECIES
CONCEPT2- THEORY OF GEOGRAPHIC ALLOPATRIC
SPECIATION3- THEORY OF FOUNDER EFFECT SPECIATION
TERM 32
BIOLOGICAL SPECIES CONCEPT
(BSC)
DEFINITION 32
SPECIES ARE GROUPS THAT ARE REPRODUCTIVELY
INDEPENDENT OF EACH OTHERMIXES OF SPECIES ARE
HYBRIDS, CANNOT REPRODUCE
TERM 33
THEORY OF GEOGRAPHIC ALLOPATRIC
SPECIATION
DEFINITION 33
NEW SPECIES FORM WHEN POPULATIONS BECOME
GEOGRAPHICALLY ISOLATEDTHUS UNDERGO DIVERGENCE
TERM 34
THEORY OF FOUNDER EFFECT SPECIATION
DEFINITION 34
DRASTIC REDUCTION IN POPULATION SIZE PROMOTE
SPECIATION
TERM 35
PHENOTYPE
DEFINITION 35
OBSERVED CHARACTERISTICS
GENOTYPE
THE SET OF GENES IN AN INDIVIDUAL'S DNA
TERM 37
HEREDITARY VARIATION
DEFINITION 37
BASED ON GENES THAT RETAIN THEIR IDENTITY AS THEY
ARE PASSED DOWN THROUGH GENERATIONS
TERM 38
NATURAL THEORY OF MOLECULAR
EVOLUTION
DEFINITION 38
MOST OF EVOLUTIONARY CHANGE OCCURS THROUGH
GENETIC DRIFT AND NOT NATURAL SELECTION HOWEVER
DNA EVIDENCE PROVES NATURAL SELECTION DOES OCCUR
TERM 39
TAXONOMY
DEFINITION 39
SCIENCE OF DESCRIBING, NAMING AND CLASSIFYING
ORGANISMS
TERM 40
TAXON / TAXA
DEFINITION 40
A UNIT OF TAXONOMIC CLASSIFICATION
ROOT
COMMON ANCESTOR FOR ALL TAXA
TERM 47
NODE
DEFINITION 47
A BRANCHPOINT IN A TREE
TERM 48
CLADE
DEFINITION 48
A GROUP OF TWO OR MORE TAXA THAT INCLUDES BOTH
THEIR COMMON ANCESTORS AND DESCENDANTS
TERM 49
MONOPHYLETIC
GROUP
DEFINITION 49
A TAXON THAT IS A CLADE, INCLUDES ALL THE
DESCENDANTS OF A COMMON ANCESTOR
TERM 50
PARAPHYLETIC
DEFINITION 50
A GROUP THAT INCLUDES SOME BUT NOT ALL OF THE
DESCENDANTS OF A COMMON ANCESTOR
POLYPHYLETIC
GROUP
A GROUP OF MEMBERS FROM MULTIPLE EVOLUTIONARY
LINEAGES BUT DOES NOT INCLUDE THE MOST RECENT
COMMON ANCESTORS AND DESCENDANTS
TERM 52
CHARACTER
DEFINITION 52
A FEATURE OR A TRAIT EX: COLOR OF SNAIL SHELL
TERM 53
CHARACTER STATES
DEFINITION 53
ONE OF THE VARIANT CONDITIONS OF A CHARACTER EX: A
OR T NUCLEOTIDE
TERM 54
ANCESTRAL STATE
DEFINITION 54
FOUND IN COMMON ANCESTOR
TERM 55
DERIVED STATE
DEFINITION 55
EVOLVED FROM THE ANCESTRAL STATE
