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Exam 3 Study Guide for Animal Science | ANSC 321, Study notes of Zoology

University of Illinois - Urbana-ChampaignZoology
Prof. Juan J. Loor

Material Type: Notes; Professor: Loor; Class: Animal Nutrition; Subject: Animal Sciences; University: University of Illinois - Urbana-Champaign; Term: Fall 2009;

Typology: Study notes

Pre 2010

Uploaded on 03/16/2010

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Animal Science 321
Exam 3 Study Guide
Lecture Topics—All Vitamins (Fat and Water Soluble) and Minerals
(Trace and Macro)
I. Fat Soluble Vitamins
1. How would you define a vitamin and its role in animal digestion?
2. How much vitamin A activity is present in fresh vs stored forage?
3. How does milk color reflect difference in efficiency of converting B carotene to
vitamin A among breeds of dairy cows. Which species is not able to make this
conversion?
4. The 11-cis retinal is bound to the protein opsin to form what?
5. Vitamin A is need for maintenance of ___________ membranes
6. List 5 different functions of vitamin A.
7. Where is Vitamin A stored in the body?
8. Which grain has significant vitamin A activity?
10. What is hypervitaminosis A?
11. What happens to cats with vitamin A toxicosis?
12. Hypervitaminosis A in humans was first observed in _______________. Why?
13. What are the two forms of vitamins D? Where is each produced?
14. The main functions of vitamin D.
15. What species has a special D3 requirement?
16. List potential results from a vitamin D deficiency.
17. What is osteomalacia?
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Animal Science 321

Exam 3 Study Guide

Lecture Topics —All Vitamins (Fat and Water Soluble) and Minerals

(Trace and Macro)

I. Fat Soluble Vitamins

  1. How would you define a vitamin and its role in animal digestion?
  2. How much vitamin A activity is present in fresh vs stored forage?
  3. How does milk color reflect difference in efficiency of converting B carotene to vitamin A among breeds of dairy cows. Which species is not able to make this conversion?
  4. The 11-cis retinal is bound to the protein opsin to form what?
  5. Vitamin A is need for maintenance of ___________ membranes
  6. List 5 different functions of vitamin A.
  7. Where is Vitamin A stored in the body?
  8. Which grain has significant vitamin A activity?
  9. What is hypervitaminosis A?
  10. What happens to cats with vitamin A toxicosis?
  11. Hypervitaminosis A in humans was first observed in _______________. Why?
  12. What are the two forms of vitamins D? Where is each produced?
  13. The main functions of vitamin D.
  14. What species has a special D 3 requirement?
  15. List potential results from a vitamin D deficiency.
  16. What is osteomalacia?
  1. Where is vitamin D stored in the body?
  2. List 4 natural sources of vitamin D.
  3. What are the different forms of vitamin E? What is the most common form?
  4. Vitamin E is added to feeds and foods to act as an __________________?
  5. What are some natural sources of vitamin E?
  6. What is the main function of vitamin E?
  7. What is the name of the vitamin E deficiency in pigs, lamb and calves?
  8. Name 4 factors that affect the vitamin E requirement.
  9. What is pansteatitis? What causes it? How is it diagnosed and treated in cats?
  10. What general role does Vitamin K play in the body? Besides the diet, another sourceof vitamin K is _______________________?
  11. Name 3 forms of Vitamin K? Where is each found?
  12. Is a vitamin E toxicity a big concern when formulating diets?
  13. The compound, ________________ is produced by molds that grow on sweet clover.
  14. _____________________ is the primary supplemental vitamin K II. Water Soluble Vitamins
  15. L-gluconalactone oxidase converts glucose to what?
  16. True or False. Vitamin C is soluble in water, is easily destroyed by oxidation, and needs to be consumed on a regular basis
  17. The main disease in human associated with a vitamin C deficiency is:
  18. Vitamin C increases the absorptions of what mineral?
  19. What are some sources of vitamin C?
  20. List the 8 different B vitamins.
  21. What is Beri-Beri? Where did it originate? What are its symptoms?
  22. What are “anti-thiamin” substances? Give two examples.
  1. In what species is vitamin B12 produced in the hindgut?
  2. What is the protein produced in the stomach required for Vitamin B12?
  3. Why does a deficiency in B12 cause anemia?
  4. What specie has an inherited disorder that causes a B12 deficiency? How can it betreated?
  5. What form of choline is used as an emulsifier?
  6. Choline is a precursor of _________________ and is a component of phosolipids.
  7. How does the intake of methionine affect the choline?
  8. What species is a choline deficiency the most common resulting in curled toe paralysis?
  9. Is an example of a Quasi-vitamin
  10. To reduce of the risk of birth defects, what B-vitamin is commonly supplemented to women who are pregnant or planning to be?
  11. The strongest covalent bond found in nature is between and III. Minerals (Section 16)
  12. List the 7 essential macrominerals. Which are cations? Anions? Explain the difference. 2.Minerals account for how much % body weight on average?
  13. What are the major differences between macro and micro minerals?
  14. Explain how we know that minerals are “essential.”
  15. What are the four main functions of minerals and give examples of each?
  16. List the two major chemical reactions where minerals are involved in the regulation of acid-base balance.
  17. What are the three ways that minerals are excreted from the body? What three means help get rid of excess minerals so they can be excreted?
  1. List five basic factors that affect the mineral requirements.
  2. What are two major mineral sources of calcium?
  3. True or False. One way to increase calcium in the diet is to increase roughages and decrease concentrates.
  4. What is the main function of calcium in the body? What are the functions in the softtissues?
  5. Where is calcium and phosphorous stored primarily?
  6. What are the symptoms of a calcium deficiency?
  7. Explain the difference between rickets, osteomalacia, and osteoporosis.
  8. What are some dietary conditions that result in a calcium deficiency?
  9. What causes Milk Fever and how is it treated?
  10. What is the ideal calcium to phosphorous ratio? What if is too narrow? Too wide?
  11. List 2 animal sources of phosphorus?
  12. Are roughages high or low in phosphorus?
  13. Name three examples of commercial phosphorus sources.
  14. What is the chemical difference between Inositol and phytic acid? Where are each present in?
  15. What is the availability phytate phosphorus?
  16. List the five major functions of phosphorus.
  17. How does diet formulation differ between ruminants and non-ruminants with regard to phosphorous?
  18. What is “pica”? What are its symptoms?
  19. List and explain the two major functions of magnesium in the animal’s body.
  20. What is grass tetany, what are typical symptoms, and how can you prevent it?
  21. List the three major functions of sodium.
  1. What is the most fluorine that can be put in water and what will happen if this level is exceeded?
  2. How does copper help in the formation of hemoglobin?
  3. Copper is required for synthesis of ________ which is the source of skin and hair prigments.
  4. Feeding high levels of _________________________ can decrease the absorption of copper.
  5. True or False. As cattle mature, copper absorption increases.
  6. How many ppm of CuSO4 is fed to swine as a growth promotant?
  7. Where is copper stored in the body?
  8. What is the common explanation for copper poisoning in sheep?
  9. How do the copper toxicity level differ between breeds (i.e. Holsteins vs. Jersey or Guernsey)?
  10. Two common sign of copper deficiency are:
  11. Cobalt is a constituent of ______________________.
  12. What are some deficiency symptoms of Cobalt?
  13. Where in the US is cobalt the most deficient in the soil?
  14. What tissues in the body contain most of the iron?
  15. Name a good and poor source of iron from animals.
  16. An iron deficiency increases or decreases the number of red blood cells in the body?
  17. What can be injected to prevent iron deficiency?
  18. What is the most common iron deficiency in farm animals? What are its symptoms?
  19. List three main functions of selenium in the body.
  20. Name two conditions that can occur from a deficiency in selenium. Which speciesdo they each occur in?
  21. What are the common symptoms of a selenium deficiency?
  1. The Food and Drug Administration will allow only __________ppm of added selenium and the _______________ _____________ ______________ is only 2.0 ppm.
  2. Where is over half of the body’s iodine stored?
  3. What is goiter and how is it caused? What family of crops are goitrogenic substances?
  4. Iodine supplementation usually is provided through _____________.
  5. What are T 3 and T 4?
  6. What symptoms can occur from a deficiency of manganese?
  7. Where is zinc stored in the body?
  8. How is zinc controlled and regulated
  9. Feeding high levels of dietary _________ can decrease zinc absorption? 48.. What mineral can elevate existing problems with a zinc deficiency if fed at high levels?
  10. What is parakeratosis? It is most common in __________

Vitamin-Mineral Relationships:

For the following, name the vitamin or mineral each vitamin or mineral is associated with: (some have more than one answer) Ca P Se S Vit D. Mn Cu Thiamine Co I