Exam data sheet.pdf, Study notes of Thermodynamics

DATA SHEET. Physical constants. Avogadro constant, NA = 6.022 × 1023 mol–1 ... Thermodynamics & Equilibrium. ∆G° = ∆H° – T∆S°. ∆G = ∆G° + RT lnQ.

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CHEMISTRY 1 EXAMINATIONS – NOVEMBER 2015
DATA SHEET
Physical constants
Avogadro constant, NA = 6.022 1023 mol–1
Faraday constant, F = 96485 C mol–1
Planck constant, h = 6.626 10–34 J s
Speed of light in vacuum, c = 2.998 108 m s–1
Rydberg constant, ER = 2.18 10–18 J
Boltzmann constant, kB = 1.381 10–23 J K–1
Permittivity of a vacuum, 0 = 8.854 10–12 C2 J–1 m–1
Gas constant, R = 8.314 J K–1 mol–1
= 0.08206 L atm K–1 mol–1
Charge of electron, e = 1.602 10–19 C
Mass of electron, me = 9.1094 10–31 kg
Mass of proton, mp = 1.6726 10–27 kg
Mass of neutron, mn = 1.6749 10–27 kg
Properties of matter
Volume of 1 mole of ideal gas at 1 atm and 25 C = 24.5 L
Volume of 1 mole of ideal gas at 1 atm and 0 C = 22.4 L
Density of water at 298 K = 0.997 g cm–3
Conversion factors
1 atm = 760 mmHg = 101.3 kPa = 1.013 bar 1 Ci = 3.70 1010 Bq
0 C = 273 K 1 Hz = 1 s–1
1 L = 10–3 m3 1 tonne = 103 kg
1 Å = 10–10 m 1 W = 1 J s–1
1 eV = 1.602 10–19 J 1 J = 1 kg m2 s–2
Decimal fractions Decimal multiples
Fraction Prefix Symbol Multiple Prefix Symbol
10–3 milli m 103 kilo k
10–6 micro 106 mega M
10–9 nano n 109 giga G
10–12 pico p 1012 tera T
pf3
pf4

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DATA SHEET

Physical constants Avogadro constant, N A = 6.022  1023 mol – Faraday constant, F = 96485 C mol – Planck constant, h = 6.626  10 –34^ J s Speed of light in vacuum, c = 2.998  108 m s – Rydberg constant, E R = 2.18  10 –18^ J Boltzmann constant, k B = 1.381  10 –23^ J K– Permittivity of a vacuum,  0 = 8.854  10 –12^ C^2 J–1^ m– Gas constant, R = 8.314 J K–1^ mol – = 0.08206 L atm K–1^ mol – Charge of electron, e = 1.602  10 –19^ C Mass of electron, m e = 9.1094  10 –31^ kg Mass of proton, m p = 1.6726  10 –27^ kg Mass of neutron, m n = 1.6749  10 –27^ kg

Properties of matter Volume of 1 mole of ideal gas at 1 atm and 25 C = 24.5 L Volume of 1 mole of ideal gas at 1 atm and 0 C = 22.4 L Density of water at 298 K = 0.997 g cm–

Conversion factors 1 atm = 760 mmHg = 101.3 kPa = 1.013 bar 1 Ci = 3.70  1010 Bq 0 C = 273 K 1 Hz = 1 s – 1 L = 10–3^ m^3 1 tonne = 10^3 kg 1 Å = 10 –10^ m 1 W = 1 J s – 1 eV = 1.602  10 –19^ J 1 J = 1 kg m^2 s –

Decimal fractions Decimal multiples Fraction Prefix Symbol Multiple Prefix Symbol 10 –3^ milli m 103 kilo k 10 –6^ micro (^)  106 mega M 10 –9^ nano n 10 9 giga G 10 –12^ pico p 1012 tera T

Standard Reduction Potentials, E

Ce 4+(aq) + e –^  Ce3+(aq) Au +(aq) + e –^  Au(aq)

  • Co 3+(aq) + e –  Co2+(aq) +1. Reaction E  / V
    • +1. Pb 4+(aq) + 2e –  Pb2+(aq)
    • +1.
    • +1.
  • MnO 4 – (aq) + 8H +(aq) + 5e –  Mn 2+(aq) + 4H 2 O +1.
  • Au 3+(aq) + 3e –  Au(s) +1.
  • Cl 2 + 2e –  2Cl – (aq) +1.
  • O 2 + 4H+(aq) + 4e –  2H 2 O +1.
  • Pt 2+(aq) + 2e –  Pt(s) +1.
  • MnO 2 (s) + 4H+(aq) + e –  Mn 3+ + 2H 2 O +0.
  • NO 3 – (aq) + 4H+(aq) + 3e –  NO(g) + 2H 2 O +0.
  • Pd 2+(aq) + 2e –  Pd(s) +0.
  • NO 3 – (aq) + 10H+(aq) + 8e –  NH 4 +(aq) + 3H 2 O +0.
  • Ag +(aq) + e –  Ag(s) +0.
  • Fe 3+(aq) + e –  Fe 2+(aq) +0.
  • Cu+(aq) + e –  Cu(s) +0.
  • Cu 2+(aq) + 2e –  Cu(s) +0.
  • Sn 4+(aq) + 2e –  Sn2+(aq) +0.
  • Fe 3+(aq) + 3e –  Fe(s) –0. 2H+(aq) + 2e –  H 2 (g) 0 (by definition)
  • Pb 2+(aq) + 2e –  Pb(s) –0.
  • Sn 2+(aq) + 2e –  Sn(s) –0.
  • Ni 2+(aq) + 2e –  Ni(s) –0.
  • Co2+(aq) + 2e –  Co(s) –0.
  • Cd2+(aq) + 2e –  Cd(s) –0.
  • 2CO 2 (g) + 2H+(aq) – + 2e – → H 2 C 2 O 4 (aq) -0.
  • Fe 2+(aq) + 2e –  Fe(s) –0.
  • Cr 3+(aq) + 3e –  Cr(s) –0.
  • Zn2+(aq) + 2e –  Zn(s) –0.
  • 2H 2 O + 2e –  H 2 (g) + 2OH– (aq) –0.
  • Cr 2+(aq) + 2e –  Cr(s) –0.
  • Al 3+(aq) + 3e –  Al(s) –1.
  • Mg 2+(aq) + 2e –  Mg(s) –2.
  • Na +(aq) + e –  Na(s) –2.
  • Ca 2+(aq) + 2e –  Ca(s) –2.
  • K+(aq) ) + e – → K(s) –2.
  • Li +(aq) + e –  Li(s) –3.

PERIODIC TABLE OF THE ELEMENTS

1 HYDROGENH 1.

(^2) HELIUMHe 4.

(^3) LITHIUMLi 6.

(^4) BERYLLIUMBe 9.

5 BORONB 10.

6 CARBONC 12.

7 NITROGENN 14.

8 OXYGENO 16.

9 FLUORINEF 19.

10 NEONNe 20.

(^11) SODIUMNa 22.

(^12) MAGNESIUMMg 24.

(^13) ALUMINIUMAl 26.

(^14) SILICONSi 28.

15 PHOSPHORUSP 30.

16 SULFURS 32.

(^17) CHLORINECl 35.

(^18) ARGONAr 39.

19 POTASSIUMK 39.

(^20) CALCIUMCa 40.

(^21) SCANDIUMSc 44.

(^22) TITANIUMTi 47.

23 VANADIUMV 50.

(^24) CHROMIUMCr 52.

(^25) MANGANESEMn 54.

26^ IRONFe 55.

(^27) COBALTCo 58.

(^28) NICKELNi 58.

(^29) COPPERCu 63.

30^ ZINCZn 65.

(^31) GALLIUMGa 69.

(^32) GERMANIUMGe 72.

(^33) ARSENICAs 74.

(^34) SELENIUMSe 78.

(^35) BROMINEBr 79.

(^36) KRYPTONKr 83.

(^37) RUBIDIUMRb 85.

(^38) STRONTIUMSr 87.

39 YTTRIUMY 88.

(^40) ZIRCONIUMZr 91.

(^41) NIOBIUMNb 92.

(^42) MOLYBDENUMMo 95.

(^43) TECHNETIUMTc [98.91]

(^44) RUTHENIUMRu 101.

(^45) RHODIUMRh 102.

(^46) PALLADIUMPd 106.

(^47) SILVERAg 107.

(^48) CADMIUMCd 112.

(^49) INDIUMIn 114.

50^ TINSn 118.

(^51) ANTIMONYSb 121.

(^52) TELLURIUMTe 127.

53 IODINEI 126.

(^54) XENONXe 131.

(^55) CAESIUMCs 132.

(^56) BARIUMBa 137.

(^72) HAFNIUMHf 178.

(^73) TANTALUMTa 180.

74 TUNGSTENW 183.

(^75) RHENIUMRe 186.

(^76) OSMIUMOs 190.

(^77) IRIDIUMIr 192.

(^78) PLATINUMPt 195.

79 GOLDAu 196.

(^80) MERCURYHg 200.

(^81) THALLIUMTl 204.

82 LEADPb 207.

(^83) BISMUTHBi 208.

(^84) POLONIUMPo [210.0]

(^85) ASTATINEAt [210.0]

(^86) RADONRn [222.0]

(^87) FRANCIUMFr [223.0]

(^88) RADIUMRa [226.0]

RUTHERFORDIUM

Rf [263]

105 DUBNIUMDb [268]

(^106) SEABORGIUMSg [271]

(^107) BOHRIUMBh [274]

108 HASSIUMHs [270]

(^109) MEITNERIUMMt [278]

(^110) DARMSTADTIUMDs [281]

(^111) ROENTGENIUMRg [281]

(^112) COPERNICIUMCn [285]

(^114) FLEROVIUMFl [289]

(^116) LIVERMORIUMLv [293]

LANTHANOIDS

(^57) LANTHANUMLa 138.

(^58) CERIUMCe 140.

PRASEODYMIUM

Pr 140.

(^60) NEODYMIUMNd 144.

(^61) PROMETHIUMPm [144.9]

(^62) SAMARIUMSm 150.

(^63) EUROPIUMEu 151.

(^64) GADOLINIUMGd 157.

(^65) TERBIUMTb 158.

(^66) DYSPROSIUMDy 162.

(^67) HOLMIUMHo 164.

(^68) ERBIUMEr 167.

(^69) THULIUMTm 168.

(^70) YTTERBIUMYb 173.

(^71) LUTETIUMLu 174.

ACTINOIDS

(^89) ACTINIUMAc [227.0]

(^90) THORIUMTh 232.

PROTACTINIUMPa^ [231.0]

92 URANIUMU 238.

(^93) NEPTUNIUMNp [237.0]

(^94) PLUTONIUMPu [239.1]

(^95) AMERICIUMAm [243.1]

(^96) CURIUMCm [247.1]

(^97) BERKELLIUMBk [247.1]

(^98) CALIFORNIUMCf [252.1]

(^99) EINSTEINIUMEs [252.1]

(^100) FERMIUMFm [257.1]

(^101) MENDELEVIUMMd [256.1]

(^102) NOBELIUMNo [259.1]

(^103) LAWRENCIUMLr [260.1]

CHEMISTRY 1 EXAMINATIONS