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¢ Simple Definition: The commercialization of cell and molecular biology. © Scientific Definition: The controlled use of biological agents (cells or cellular components) for beneficial use. ¢ Origins: The term was coined in 1919 by Karl Ereky, though practices like cross-pollination and making dairy products (cheese, curd) have existed for Se a rig a Ne Eee BIOTECHNOLOGY PAGE Ask Gemini 3 1 3. Human Genome Project (1990-2002) The project was launched to map all human genes with the following goals: ¢ Determining the human DNA sequence. ¢ Identifying all human genes and understanding their functions. * Understanding how and when genes are “turned on" or "off" Ask Gemini 3 BIOTECHNOLOGY PG 2 e Agriculture: Used for cloning plants, producing virus-free stocks, and creating transgenic plants with disease/herbicide resistance. e Environment: Used for pollution control, sewage treatment (detoxification), and producing bio-pesticides. e Medicine: Used for DNA fingerprinting and producing recombinant vaccines (e.g., Hepatitis R) BIOTECHNOLOGY PAG 
