Fermentation: How To Make Energy Without Oxygen, Study notes of Chemistry

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Fermentation

what you and cheese have in common

How To Make Energy Without Oxygen

● Glycolysis is anaerobic ○ If O2 is present, pyruvic acid goes to mitochondria for aerobic respiration ○ If no O2 is available, fermentation occurs

Lactic Acid Fermentation

● Glycolysis produces: ○ 2 pyruvic acids ○ 2 NADH ○ 2 net ATP ● Without O2, the 2 NADH convert back to NAD+ ● NAD+ allows glycolysis to continue ● Electrons released from NADH convert pyruvic acid into lactic acid

Lactic Acid Fermentation

● For every glucose broken, you get, ○ 2 net ATP (from glycolysis) ○ 2 lactic acids (from fermentation) ● Lactic acid creates burn in muscles after long use ○ When O2 is added back to the cell, lactic acid breaks down into pyruvic acid ○ When O2 is present, fermentation stops, and respiration continues

Alcoholic Fermentation

● Similar process to lactic acid fermentation ● Instead of creating lactic acid, the products are ○ ethyl alcohol ○ CO ● HUMANS DO NOT DO THIS!!!

Alcoholic Fermentation

● Formula: pyruvic acid + NADH -> alcohol + CO2 + NAD+ ● Occurs in organisms like yeast ● We use yeast to make: ○ bread (holes in bread are from CO2) ○ alcohols