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Empiricism
In philosophy, empiricism is a theory of knowledge that asserts that knowledge arises from sense experience. TERM 2
a priori
DEFINITION 2 An a priori language is any constructed language whose vocabulary is not based on existing languages, unlike a posteriori constructed languages. TERM 3
ethics
DEFINITION 3 Ethics (also known as moral philosophy) is a branch of philosophy which seeks to address questions about morality; that is, about concepts like good and bad, right and wrong, justice, virtue, etc. TERM 4
epistemology
DEFINITION 4 Epistemology (from Greek - episteme-, "knowledge, science"
- , "logos") or theory of knowledge is the branch of philosophy concerned with the nature and scope (limitations) of knowledge. TERM 5
metaphysics
DEFINITION 5 Metaphysics is a branch of philosophy that investigates principles of reality transcending those of any particular science.
hylomorphism
Hylomorphism (Greek - hylo-, "wood, matter" + -morphism < Greek , morph, "form") is a philosophical theory developed by Aristotle, which analyzes substance into matter and form. TERM 7
divine law
DEFINITION 7 Divine law is any law (or ) that in the opinion of believers, comes directly from the will of God (or a god). TERM 8
human law
DEFINITION 8 look up TERM 9
doctrine of the mean
DEFINITION 9 The Doctrine of the Mean (), is both a concept and one of the books of Neo-Confucian teachings. TERM 10
democracy
DEFINITION 10 Democracy is a political government either carried out by the people (direct democracy), or the power to govern is granted to elected representatives (Representative democracy).
the divided line
Plato, in his dialogue The Republic Book 6 (509D-513E), has Socrates explain the literary device of a divided line to teach basic philosophical ideas about the four levels of existence (especially the intelligible world and the visible world) and the corresponding ways we come to knowledge about what exists, or come to mere opinions about what exists. TERM 17
constitutions
DEFINITION 17 A constitution is a set of rules for government-often codified as a written document-that enumerates the powers and functions of a political entity. TERM 18
socratic wisdom
DEFINITION 18 look up TERM 19
the gods in the
Aeneid
DEFINITION 19 look up TERM 20
scrolls of fate
DEFINITION 20 look up
theory of forms
Plato's theory of Forms or theory of Ideas asserts that non- material abstract (but substantial) forms (or ideas), and not the material world of change known to us through sensation, possess the highest and most fundamental kind of reality. TERM 22
gadfly analogy
DEFINITION 22 look up TERM 23
relativism
DEFINITION 23 Relativism is the idea that some elements or aspects of experience or culture are relative to, i.e., dependent on, other elements or aspects. TERM 24
flood story from the Epic of
Gilgamesh
DEFINITION 24 look upl TERM 25
Dido
DEFINITION 25 Dido was, according to ancient Greek and Roman sources, the founder and first Queen of Carthage (in modern-day Tunisia).
eros
Eros ( or ; rs) is passionate love, with sensual desire and longing. TERM 32
pietas
DEFINITION 32 In Roman mythology, Pietas was the goddess of duty to one's state, gods and family and a personification of the Roman virtue of pietas. TERM 33
vir
DEFINITION 33 look up TERM 34
seneca's views on death
DEFINITION 34 look up TERM 35
mt. zion
DEFINITION 35 Mount Zion (, Har Tsion) is an elevation west of the Mount of Olives in Jerusalem.
israel
Israel (, ; , ) officially the State of Israel (Hebrew: , ; , ), is a country in Western Asia located on the eastern shore of the Mediterranean Sea. TERM 37
yahweh
DEFINITION 37 Allah and Yahweh are the personal names of the Gods of the Quran and Bible, respectively. TERM 38
genesis
DEFINITION 38 The Book of Genesis (Greek: , "birth", "origin") or Bereshith (Hebrew: , "in the beginning") is the first book of the Hebrew Bible, and the first of five books of the Torah, called the Pentateuch in the Christian Old Testament. TERM 39
Exodus
DEFINITION 39
- The Book of Exodus is the second book of the Torah and the Christian Bible. TERM 40
Job
DEFINITION 40 Job (; , '), is a gentile man in the Book of Job in the Hebrew Bible, as well as a prophet in Islam.
immanent dualism
look up TERM 47
transcendent dualism
DEFINITION 47 look up TERM 48
punic wars
DEFINITION 48 The Punic Wars are a series of three wars fought between Rome and Carthage from 264 to 146 BC. TERM 49
hubris
DEFINITION 49 Hubris (/hjubrs/) (ancient Greek ) is a term used in modern English to indicate overweening pride, haughtiness, or arrogance, often resulting in fatal retribution or Nemesis. TERM 50
sophists
DEFINITION 50 Sophism can mean two very different things: In the modern definition, a sophism is a confusing or illogical argument used for deceiving someone.
guardians
look up TERM 52
auxiliaries
DEFINITION 52 An auxiliary force is a group affiliated with, but not part of, a military or police organization. TERM 53
enuma elish
DEFINITION 53 The ' is the Babylonian creation myth (named after its opening words). TERM 54
myth of the metals
DEFINITION 54 look up TERM 55
natural slaves
DEFINITION 55 look up
Minoans
The Minoan civilization was a Bronze Age civilization which arose on the island of Crete. TERM 62
Mycenaeans
DEFINITION 62 Mycenaean Greece (c. TERM 63
arete
DEFINITION 63 Arete (Greek: ; in English), in its basic sense, means "goodness", "excellence", or "virtue" of any kind. TERM 64
dialectic
DEFINITION 64 Dialectic (also called dialectics or the dialectical method) is a method of argument, which has been central to both Eastern and Western philosophy since ancient times. TERM 65
the noble lie
DEFINITION 65 In politics a noble lie is a myth or untruth, often, but not invariably, of a religious nature, knowingly told by an elite to maintain social harmony, particularly the social position of that elite.
apatheia
Apatheia () in Stoic philosophy refers to a state of mind where one is free from emotional disturbance.
