Fish Anatomy and Adaptations – Study Notes, Study notes of Zoology

Comprehensive notes on fish morphology, anatomical features, and adaptations to aquatic environments. Prepared for BSc/MSc Zoology and Aquaculture students. Key topics: • External and internal anatomy • Locomotion, respiration, and sensory adaptations • Feeding structures and digestive system • Habitat-specific adaptations • Comparative anatomy

Typology: Study notes

2024/2025

Available from 02/23/2026

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| abe ish _Sruclure & Dolo ptations: Date. / / — —— a _ 2 [ovomation in __fesnes -- iL becomotion in fees vefers to they __- arity _t & swim in water ha. a fefeny— _eebeeed for swirn- ___ fi & | boc, | bs ___L genevatey spindee ioe &Y fustform t je v effective buitrrnntng,. UU a | metnocts of Locomotion - Shure ole three frémany anetlofs of locomotion or flanger! toe, ( the fésoad tov santana. v 0 a) | |B, atternatdl —_contvaction _& __velaration of too! mutslrey of Soohy eld the / MYOMCNVES : Shs , | divrvinkl swimming tle osctkLates from U Aide. to U Side. T Kuow ine, taterat V umdutations: 4). By U vartows omovementS of the __ fins. o). || By suckten —exfutsion of watery asa OW Ope bom bie agttt | —afertuve: ¢ | Tne. Cocomotord, aibverlnents a) pel us the resukt of Y coovctimated! actiors of muscles of Pw tet & hase of Locomotion . to Brectey ( 1966), tocometion com he of > types oy eek Uke / It és Aengone nature & & ef y____] whith have A a CE Scanned with OKEN Scanner 2) t Ostvaciterm ov bates like : 9 => (found | in tose fedeoS iE Compresey a! ptf? tet, es Ehed imftectbee Utne Locomotion ee to! tw undulations of ne ne fin au in OStraction ( | coffer fish } ] Tetrapoton etc H | a eee L __ 2). | rine ™m ov Jach-tike , és the . : Com mold fe of Locomotion & us Ackuratle, | inLermectiate ———|_tqpe fa) an - Utocomo€ ions. ot fae & Oterect fern ae ii Atofe lashing —— locomotion c on - ompdes Locomotion ; CE Scanned with OKEN Scanner Date. _/ J —~= —_____| pla, the fe urclamental vole im Loco ——___| tion A __ l —__- | he fectioral fim act Shady I aAoumal 2 the f 2 fish moves a Tie | | % _ Steers testes. U —e - || She feetoval s13./ fin aids the pelvic fing! 4s inl comtral _—petdten ul ( guicte ey | ‘C - || Dewsert & amal fens of fms seth | em Comtr0 LLimg ; lewestimal ly reli, - | he caudal U fix heed U3. vaheg Oo | Swimming: 0 _ / / Aiton © fen is at untmown fonction 3 | Statins _§ _Ovqin of kins ! i ny Jn ficsbes . tw fins one the main 7) Or2an/ of | Locomotion 7 ving Osteo, | aes a fakionl Covcdtevent, Apeetes. d The for Is a tee Fong | bheketal rots / od tL wdtots _¢ “U fin sags. She _frowimat pont, of yaotial u V broad lat hase. ly | feimt eof ob te th edd as T claggey. I he. yacdkkak com seste| of 3 fois = ___Prentmal , mection 5 ‘desta _ CE Scanned with OKEN Scanner Date__/ / ——}|he tins One otuvectedf embo two i TH Medion 7 onpatiod fms — Dorsal, caudal Oma “i. Paired fins Pe / Pelvee ¥ _ peekeral _ | Structure of meolian fen, a Each. 1» mpeckiom nf atu ot TW favatter bony roots | ele i — I doyvmal fim Y wags ( Ctovorotivichia ) . ~~ [racial consests Y of > —— fcceeS ——— | proximal 5 meotian | g | ctistal 2 & TTT we frouimal fieece es Longe § | dagger -_| shaped (| btoryqtopuove) Uy les wl tee Irewval | spnds.| whe. dovmal rans ome of By teppes im Celeosts : U | Y i) Fim sf ey actimotrichea + hese ane | par? | amseqrmemted stractues often found im we Udit chovéat fm lof several Apecées » hey | ofevelof as | hewney| O48 in all ¢ Eeleosts Po but One Y foumct oo) we odut a few spouted | only iD Sofb VAS: ese ane frexchte , Seebonantec & | dyvorbocf ASoructure$ | ats eld T as Lefectotritlia g are arranged besertatley im! fear spoctes of RR EOStS. — Deering V lev Lmemnt, they vepthee te actimo tWicbea at wel tp of tue fn, 4 Letteveol to ‘be | CE Scanned with OKEN Scanner Date. / / ae bohinef we vent She colar — | di of Buber ser One of —| mem itive th pe 5 ral fete Kata — YT at the "hase conbbating. lof anuseles |) serrouncleng the basa. 9 UV tel racltats. ee ee es ee the ee | Lobe of Cons | | 5 Structure of faired fons ] 7 TH EBLECOH nt (oraz) Pectoral _§ _pebvies — &—Cornestoneh to te foe & bined | teanbs of tlerrvestrtal | Vertebrates one then faired Peotee bs % One, subported' ty lam —_ emtosk- leeeton She fin Coat Mus (extinct Cpipmee) | etd lee anerbhtenygivm & most dremitiue Vl conetition, Meeheton| Concerts of & Ants } Onte 4 & Ractials ane attached to __ ants y deerveake 2) 257 tip. She vactials del . CE Scanned with OKEN Scanner | Date. / of | ea | beseve Sontongeet y hose oy tht’ Ankeny || sect. ane. dd preantal % those i, thw fosteripy i “f ty | i on ection ants One ef an | vqoltats. his “ an ; Lobate i tape , ef fin . Seem im reads yk box f* em ELE to Qa umisertal ty of Skeleton seem a vortous Apelees | of bony festas . Dux émg Cis (te omedttom ( anes | bas Alor turn eof Coméccler: % postandtial yackials gradualle, oles appeooved CormPptetele, , / gevingl yvese to plewoarcehic ! Coy CemeKon éak tefe °F | Akeceton of the mocfevn deseas. / = Origin of paired! fons UV Soverat | theories have Seem fet : oo 1).| Ceth Orel, theory ; theere, was fofosed bey tinct . (aceoreler Ito bite JY ww | fotreof af il omedtified ate Atructiires . anthbs became sata a, ; a tle Pa Ae fle. formed! y folds 5 Seuevar | YOK extend eka ee tw ait "ones, & sefperesl the L_ gi 0 seftum. 9th!!! — bevy ‘eapested | ¢ Mat mecliom ¥ 4ecame, a | to (/ foyer the | 2B while thee) ani CE Scanned with OKEN Scanner i ee git neh theory toes mot capes wey Sajeyak, id BeamentA One, Ley envolved im # the fern é of muscles 3 nerve, Feb to the faived fons. i).|| he git (ay, ane tramsverse | ty the U Long, Ants of the heofey. Que or , ther soutd | be tromserse Vt te beddl, e would be hindrance to te v~ Susi-moming movements. She fotree? ting Nevey appear aw dorso- \entral | Lotots clivrimg development of we fs) oY clokb vesembLamnce 7 of medtan 5 paired fons Mm erdley f . Biv iucfirye § deveLopomemt, Cammnnt, be exflaimed ka) the | bans of the gilt arly Thany v (/ : (3). Deromal Spine theory. 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It has been | Augqestvel that | the ancertyoL vertebrate HU bad a cdorsak omecttan fort, & a fair of __ Lateral fold Fe wore sefayatel im | te lamtertoy _reqton fom! behind th Gites efito we V amus | fused to Vfrm al ventyah, tof im thel fostertor I yeqton. Jha (| dorsal ventral peas werd) continuous in ae caudal region. he Conkinuons fon fod __qaxe vise Ya median & | fairéd U fens during © —__ || cerfiaim dovtiohs became emloneest! & the —_| yematrmtng ] fonts disafpeaved . ] his was —_Trecessan, UV fr! dant "Chfscienp ——_ swtmening_ Les U ne | Contlim eres fects were Qa ¢ ay ockiorde to the ambrrat. _ This tse i 7 Ce safflead be the ellie Aosenva lors, [ Y idl CE Scanned with OKEN Scanner t = — — ——s ee Pa temps Fes gd heyebdne | spectes have | been Umoctifiod\) to | perform tf yevent, — | fumctions | U | DO See first shires — stew che sh fim dU te Tamper fest &s Urncctificl) imtoo VN femthd vot a |) bie te attrvack) (prey Remmears bone modi fieof ferst| (/ Olerfoky fin, ¢ tote od) for — gk am D ovwet bushes - Uke peels z Ue they attach therntelues t CU otter marene OYGOMLKINA: wt) Lidh fish have vemorrous spire om thee ckevsat , __ hetwec g amat | fims ese| flex aefernse- U ( Srtqgey __fest, U harass b) imto Cova, crevices to () aie U UV freclaterS & bach themAscLues in place | ag the fevak, spire thaeky |—ketgo — fam. The ertentar fying gurmand as Lange fectmat fod oe ee spots c Vee ivlausV tw seonel! bbclators- Prog feb ase Ota fecterat | y feed’ fee t woth | atona the 0CLa- U hotlom: ( The Pectoet —fin tee fli ——~~ al ee a Uh erhonael to VU antne U0 U ; CE Scanned with OKEN Scanner DATE :__/__j_™ PAGE: large retractable hevsol —_ fyn lov (| cootima ——& heating (esstel ix) 9” (some spectes , (/ ase U i, gh Y 5m wails df the mate” £ at fa One u UU famed ints . wee tthe 9 ** O strcet ere im = he Aferrn. of at fie ’ 2 (eet : Os or 6k = / SYeone - : sags stay et he rae SCE \ _# CE Scanned with OKEN Scanner _ | Date / J | Carectar fin. She vemtral bu pochordak bbe of! the fim us al Larger — | en Tw hevsal eheenoredat / a | & Chovactertstic of Cee stan _tromshs ( shandr ) g | gs also Seem Lem home Spritorickinves va home 93> féshes 3 Aecfensen. as§ud aad, | Stop fitiodh ae a nee eae A verter SSS = oa ) Coin Snabupocbovelal tate Hetevocercas — , ta), Hifocercal : Shes “% also ‘cfd as «“ vevevsed? beterocercal ” toil , & &s Seem im the ea dD prrathe ( OKtva- Coders). She ntl 7 raat as he vertebroak a “OF : clowrnwoayvds 40 thet me oie Lobe & Longer thon the | Low ey hegho taovofel lobe ventebyal AUptiem CE Scanned with OKEN Scanner However , he bind vertebral Column bs 3 és oneotly SbovGn ed jaderomabt, te Ctait x& 7 oS bef cher ofet Lohe Virtibay at Homocerea v)| Gsocercal ey Leftocnrcal: In home Celeoxtean fesnes ow, lene eek, ——— many Fetes , Blennties : the pe Coaferina & Symenetirica kh ee ce cho a roca ox ¢ Cepia eeneade Coll . Dey development , he Lugtoclpr clad lobe. x 4 reolkreed? g while thy clersoL Ui amok dings beeome, elonaated 40 form la Combimunus (fam. D Say Giowrrt | CE Scanned with OKEN Scanner Lateral, Line bake PAGE : DATE :__/__/__ | 23 [se eteall the een | L Cornfeew Seq Storr of te VU eateyvat Une | ogdens oY ane | Abecratisect pense wagons | Ucestaned to pordirh __vantous _fumettialls Za YF distros > & | owes aa ] d a A lange a, of. ae sensory) haty | eokls ah UV eo Rit She ( \ lative Lime hey htm &s oko fd _& MUCLLS Camal ( Ay btiry « In Listes, tee | 1 CL mM AKEA Cam Vbe Aivided () imto two | ovoufs j ‘Uae « Orlinare,’ — Lotervat Ume evgams & | re mech ono WV veeeftive , & Y | fi) | tun < speckattseoh’? | tape , ¢ One electro- _ femiitithe_| g' he Orkin Ove, type qd. NeWVOmMAKK __ Ane fount im Vau "fesse maybe tree ev superficial), Keatteret ( aw every! the books . U oy on fits ; but em aclively swt Sorting [E5ERA if hey Are SERERE region A frome Lateral) =< time! camel Uextends alma each side fk thw ho dvom VU bead & ton ,U 2 foudlal |) _brometes one preset, in the boaof region However, th rot __ CHOKES tee = m0, VS Attribution of. the __cefhatic CE Scanned with OKEN Scanner 1 ay ~ DATE :__/ PAGE :. _| — Wags > ts Canals , evebobon ont of ¢ mew cana ts homer én Me I Aixty bution ote ( Us Prscion ting a great vorkotiion | fttern Sea g Kome (I Apectes tte Gab b Z Comal us lentrermely Abort oy Criermediate length Ceomby , & mou) F be continues _(! ov renal at tome points. In tly yealon od. the I I bead : thy main trumh) camal | Generally Atvides into romebes: | i) ( a fe Canal Ahove the . ee, wfto the pmouty | ii) lam Genta. ornital Ywrméng i below the y ene , & ore us ty Arout: ( d eT ii).|| a — beyanamelih lay comer ‘ia wfite the Lower law davon Vi hs, ii the bee, q ) r v he Lateran Camas f. the tio Aéoles One, loimech Ue cacy ow bey a buMlatern feral Comal, }- yennting CU aevoss wk | Oceéfikal _reaim. Une by stern one U tnmenvatedt fry the f dramebet q of. the Ww, KR & xl Cramial nerves. = Newremanst gans: h The Lothral Lime bystem Composed d 2 tore roll of sete» Dabs Use tel! meuromaldt,, orb i CE Scanned with OKEN Scanner