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FSC100 UTM FINAL STUDY GUIDE, Exams of Social Sciences

United States International UniversitySocial Sciences

FSC100 UTM FINAL STUDY GUIDE 2026

Typology: Exams

2025/2026

Available from 01/09/2026

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FSC100 UTM FINAL STUDY GUIDE
Forensic Science - Answer -Science in service to courts
Forensic Method - Answer -Systematic approach to documenting, collecting,
interpreting and presenting evidence for presentation in court of law
Crime - Answer -An act forbidden by law and punishable
Crime Scene Investigation - Answer -Term referring to processes associated with
investigation of criminal events
Criminalistics - Answer -Term for analysis of physical evidence. (often called forensic
scientists)
Criminology - Answer -Scientific study of crime
Evidence - Answer -Anything that can help prove or disprove a point in question
Types Of Evidence - Answer -[Physical]
- Objects
- Impressions
[Observations]
- Weather
- Lights on/off
[Testimony]
- Eye witness
- Expert
Locard's Exchange Principle - Answer -Every contact leaves a trace...by leaving
something behind, by taking something away, by doing both.
Chain Of Custody - Answer -Breaks in the chain (fruit of the poisonous tree)
CSI Effect - Answer -Combination of effects that might appear to contradict each other
LOSER - Answer -L.O.S.E.R is the practical guideline for crime scene management.
[L]isten
[O]bserve
[S]earch
[E]valuate
[R]ecord
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FSC100 UTM FINAL STUDY GUIDE

Forensic Science - Answer - Science in service to courts Forensic Method - Answer - Systematic approach to documenting, collecting, interpreting and presenting evidence for presentation in court of law Crime - Answer - An act forbidden by law and punishable Crime Scene Investigation - Answer - Term referring to processes associated with investigation of criminal events Criminalistics - Answer - Term for analysis of physical evidence. (often called forensic scientists) Criminology - Answer - Scientific study of crime Evidence - Answer - Anything that can help prove or disprove a point in question Types Of Evidence - Answer - [Physical]

  • Objects
  • Impressions [Observations]
  • Weather
  • Lights on/off [Testimony]
  • Eye witness
  • Expert Locard's Exchange Principle - Answer - Every contact leaves a trace...by leaving something behind, by taking something away, by doing both. Chain Of Custody - Answer - Breaks in the chain (fruit of the poisonous tree) CSI Effect - Answer - Combination of effects that might appear to contradict each other LOSER - Answer - L.O.S.E.R is the practical guideline for crime scene management. [L]isten [O]bserve [S]earch [E]valuate [R]ecord

Hot Zone and Warm Zone - Answer - Hot zone is the inner perimeter of the crime scene. (Where the body is found) Warm zone is the outer perimeter of the crime scene. (other rooms surrounding the hot zone) People At The Scene - Answer - Victim Offender Witnesses Relatives Media Police Other investigators Overall Photos - Answer - Allows the viewer to see a large area of the scene at eye level Mid range Photos - Answer - Establishes the position of the evidence in the scene Close Up Photos - Answer - Allows the viewer to see all evident detail on the item of evidence Sketches - Answer - Simplest way to represent the scene Polar Coordinates - Answer - Measure in proximity to something Rectangular Coordinates - Answer - Have two measurements: an x coordinate and a y coordinate Triangulation - Answer - (Most complicated but most accurate) Two measuring tapes intersect and create triangles Cross Contamination - Answer - Unintended movement of material between two or more objects Ethics - Answer - Well-founded standards of right and wrong that dictate what humans ought to do. Encourage Virtues: honesty, loyalty, compassion Code of Ethics - Answer - Systematic statement of rules, regulations or laws, developed by a community to promote its values. (ex. employee code of conduct) Why Are Ethics Important? - Answer - HINT: QUESTION

Produced by event or action Transfer Formation - Answer - Caused by physical contact. Locard's exchange principle Contamination - Answer - Loss, destruction, or alteration of physical evidence. Forensic Pathologists - Answer - Forensic pathologists perform coroner-ordered autopsies. Specialized medical doctors. Coroner - Answer - a person whose standard role is to confirm and certify the death of an individual. Has authority of the body and the overall death investigation. Medical Examiners - Answer - legally appointed medical doctors, usually forensic pathologists, that investigate all unexpected, unexplained and violent deaths. In Canada: Alberta, Manitoba, Nova Scotia, Newfoundland and Labrador In USA: mix of coroner and ME based on region. Rigor Mortis - Answer - Muscles of the body stiffen due to a chemical reaction. Begins 2-6 hours after death. Livor mortis - Answer - Blood in the body sinks under gravity, pooling in lower regions. Begins 8-12 hours after death. Algor Mortis - Answer - Body cools slowly after death until core temperature equals environment. Decomposition - Answer - When the body breaks down. 2 ways: body's own enzymes (autolysis) or bacteria from in/on the body (putrefaction) Antemortem - Answer - Before death Perimortem - Answer - Around time of death Post mortem - Answer - After death Examples of Sharp Force Trauma - Answer - Knives, picks, axes, hatchets, machetes. Indicators of suicide:

  • wounds under clothing
  • weapon present
  • wounds at throat, wrists, ankles
  • body not moves

Indicators of homicide:

  • defensive wounds
  • no weapon present
  • usually injuries to vital organs
  • body moved Search Patterns - Answer - [Lane/Strip]
  • Break scene up into lanes [Line Search]
  • Used in large/outdoors scenes [Circle/Spiral]
  • Often done with indoor scenes [Zone]
  • Often used in areas that are already broken up into zones (ex. house, vehicles, etc.) CODIS - Answer - Combined DNA Index System, used for housing and comparing DNA profiles. (Developed by the FBI) Types Of Fingerprints - Answer - Arch, loop, and whorl. (5% have arch, 70% have loop) AFIS - Answer - Automated Fingerprint Identification System Negative Witness - Answer - Explains the absence of evidence