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GCU Bio-201 Exam 1 Test Questions and Answers Graded A+
leaving. capillaries Pinocytosis Cell drinking Phagocytosis Cell eating release of substances outside a cell by the fusion of a vesicle with the membrane. process by which a cell takes material into the cell by infolding of the cell membrane Low to High, Dittusion of water through a selectively per- meable membrane Dittusion Movement of molecules from an area of higher concen- tration to an area of lower concentration. tonicity the ability of a surrounding solution to cause a cell to gain or lose water isotonic solution when the concentration of two solutions is the same (mov- ing in and out equally) hypertonic solution A solution in which the concentration of solutes is greater outside then inside the cell that resides in the solution hypotonic solution Solute concentration is less than the inside the cell; cell gains water oncotic pressure pulls fluid into the capillaries and/or prevents fluid from hydrostatic pressure increases filtration by pushing fluid and solute OUT of the crenation This happens when a cell shrinks and shrivels; can result in cell death if severe. hemolysis destruction/split of red blood cells active transport osmosis Exocytosis Endocytosis
out the use of energy by the cell the movement of ions or molecules across a cell mem- brane into a region of higher concentration, assisted by enzymes and requiring energy. passive(facilitated) transport the movement of substances across a cell membrane with- TWO substances are transported together by one protein no ATPase activity One substance is being transported into the cell mem- Countertransport brane and the other is getting transported in the opposite direction. Simple Dittusion transport from high to low concentration, easily flow through cell membrane; Oxygen is an example Channel Mediated Transport in which only the right shape of molecule gets through, example little kid shape puzzles. the structure of the mitochondrion This organelle has an outer membrane, intermembrane space, inner membrane, cristae, & matrix phosphorylation The metabolic process of introducing a phosphate group into an organic molecule. how the body breaks the bonds between the last two phosphates in ATP, which is what gives us energy ATP synthase Makes ATP ATP-ase (Enzyme) breaks down ATP Metabolism the chemical processes that occur within a living organism in order to maintain life. Glucose A simple sugar that is an important source of energy. (adenosine triphosphate) main energy source that cells use for most of their work ADP Co-transport ATP Hydrolysis
environmental change Stable internal environment that is required for life's func- tions. Intrinsic/Autoregulation Automatic response in a cell, tissue, or organ to some Response to an environment change controlled by ner- vous and endocrine systems (1) Receptor - Receives the signal of environmental change Three control systems involved in maintaining homeosta- sis Negative Feedback Positive Feedback (2) Control Center - Process the signal of change and sends out the command to the ettector. (3) Ettector - Responders to the change either through increases or decreases the stimulus. Aka. positive and negative responses!
- A way of counteracting a change
- Ex. Rising body tempter; Causes the body to uses nega- tive feedback to cool the body back down
- Initial stimulus produces a response that exaggerates or enhances the original change.
- Ex. Child birth; Causes the body to dilate and respond to the baby coming out. no ditterence between the two atoms sharing the elec- trons. The electronegativity of the two atoms is identical. Oxygen 4 major elements found in the human body Polar covalent Hydrogen Carbon Nitrogen Extrinsic Regulation Pure covalent bond
unequal sharing of electrons between two atoms of a molecule the force that acts on the surface of a liquid and that tends to minimize the area of the surface four properties of water solubility, reactivity, high heat capacity, lubrication A molecule that has two positive ends and two negative ends such as the water molecule. What is the major organ responsible for electrolyte bal- ance in the human body? Kidneys Major electrolyte in the intracellular fluid Potassium (K+) pH
- A measure of acidity or alkalinity of water soluble sub- stances. Acidosis
- Excess H+ in body fluid (low pH)
- blood pH Below 7. Alkalosis
- Excess OH- in body fluid (high pH)
- Above 7. Acid acid pH lower than 7. high H+ concentration, low OH— concentration Base pH higher than 7. low H+ concentration, high OH— concentration a relationship in which one variable decreases when an- other variable increases organic compounds Carbon and hydrogen always form the bases Do not contain carbon and hydrogen atoms as their pri- mary structural ingredient. How many bonds does carbon generally form four Monosaccharaides are simple sugars surface tension Dipolar molecule Base inorganic compounds inverse relationship
