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ASSIGNMENT FRONT SHEET
Qualification BTEC Level 5 HND Diploma in Computing Unit number and title Unit 2: Networking Infrastructure Submission date Date Received 1st submission Re-submission Date Date Received 2nd submission Student Name Nguyễn Duy Tuấn Student ID GCD Class GCD0807B Assessor name Student declaration I certify that the assignment submission is entirely my own work and I fully understand the consequences of plagiarism. I understand that making a false declaration is a form of malpractice. Student’s signature Grading grid
P1 P2 P3 P4 P5 P6 P7 P8 M1 M2 M3 M4 D1 D2 D
Contents
A. INTRODUCTION:
I. Introduce and explain the project:
I am employed as a Network Engineer by Nguyen Networking Limited, a high-tech networking solution development company. In this project, the Company signed a contract to implement a network project from a local educational institute. The company needs to fulfill the requirements of the project to meet the needs of the school such as: building a network system for the school with 3 floors, with a scale of about 50 computers for students and 35 computers for staff. tablets and 3 printers.
II. The specification of the project:
People: 200 students, 15 teachers, 12 marketing and administration staff, 5 higher managers including the head of academics and the programme manager, 3 computer network administrators. Resources: 50 student lab computers, 35 staff computers, 3 printers. Building: 3 floors, all computers and printers are on the ground floor apart from the IT labs – one lab located on the first floor and another located on the second floor. As a first task, the CEO of the company Mr. Nguyen has asked to investigate and explain networking principles, protocols and devices and submit a report. Part 1.Needing to produce a report that includes the following. Part 2. Desig efficient networked systems.
Part3. Implement test and diagnose networked systems.
B. REPORT ABOUT ASSIGNMENT:
I. P1. Discuss the benefits and constraints of different network types and standards:
1. Definition about networks:
1.1 Why Use Networks?
Because use networks is offers more advantages relative to using a stand-alone computer. Networks enable multiple user to share devices and data. On the other hand, Networks also allow we to manage, administer, resources on multiple computer from a central location and makes it easy for users to connect to the data center. Most immportantly, networks impact a lot in our lives, such as: Networks support the way we learn. Networks support the way we communicate. Networks support the way we work. Networks support the way we play.
Figure1.2 Computer Networking [CITATION Fig \l 1033 ] Computer networks are used to carry out a large number of tasks through the sharing of information. Some of the things that networks are used for include: Communicating using email, video, instant messaging and other methods. Sharing devices such as printers, scanners and photocopiers. Sharing files. Sharing software and operating programs on remote systems. Allowing network users to easily access and maintain information.
1.3 Benefit Of The Network:
Sharing resources: Users can share resources such as files, folders, music, pictures, videos ... Reduce costs and easily install team-based software (purchase license software and use a group to reduce costs, for example, Microsoft has an Office 365 package that incorporates Skype business packages). In addition, it also reduces costs for deploying printers, scanning ... Enhanced security: share shared folders, decentralized by department, position ... Communication through: chat, mail, video call. [CITATION Ben20 \l 1033 ]
2. Networks Type (LAN, WAN, MAN) :
2.1. Local Area Network (LAN) :
A Local Area Network (LAN) is a network that is confined to a relatively small area. It is generally limited to a geographic area such as a writing lab, school, or building.
communicating devices and provides the Internet connectivity for the LANs in the metropolitan area.MAN is used to combine into a network group located in different buildings into a single network. Figure2.3 Metropolitan Area Network (MAN) [ CITATION Fig202 \l 1033 ]
2.4 Conceptual Models OSI and TCP/IP:
2.4.1 OSI Model:
In the early 1980s, ISO began work on a universal set of specifications that would enable computer platforms across the world to commmunicate openly. The result helpful model for understanding and developing computer-to-computer communications over a network. This model, called the OSI ( Open Systems Interconnection) model, divides network communications into seven layers:
Physical, Data Link, Network, Transport, Session, Presentation, Application. At each layer, protocols perform services unique to that layer. Figure3.1.1 OSI model [CITATION OSI20 \l 1033 ]
2.4.3 The Encapsulation Process Of OSI Model:
The encapsulation process on the sender's side works as follows: the user's data called user data goes from the top of the Application layer to layer and not skipped any layers, when reaching 1. the user data class will be wrapped in the class header. In layer 7 there will be layer 7 header, down to layer 6 there will be layer 6 header, separate layer 2 in addition to layer 2 header also has FCS trailer (Frame Check Sequence), when going down layer 1 will turn into binary bit and transmitted. The header is the packet's management information and the data is the actual data part of the packet. Figure 3.1.3 Working principle of the OSI model On the other hand, the process of opening the package takes place on the receiver side, in contrast, data will go backwards from bottom to top, when going to a class, the header of that class will be removed and finally returned user data to the user. First, the entire binary bit sequence will be converted to a data frame, going to layer 2 will be checked FCS and remove layer 2 header, on layer 3 will be removed layer 3 header, similar to layer 7 after removing the layer 7 header will return the user data to the user.
Data in layers will also have its own name: Application, Presentation and Session layer will call Data. Transport layer will call Segment. Network layer will call Packet. Data Link layer will call Frame. Physical layer will call Bit. There is also a standardized model. That is the TCP / IP model, which defines 4 layers in order of Application, Transport, Internet and Network Access.
Application
Transport
Internet
Network Access
And TIA (Teleccommuicate Industry Association) forcus on standards for information technology, wireless, satellite, fiber optics and telephone equiment. Both EIA and TIA set standards, lobby goverments and indusry, and sponsor conferences, exhibitions, and forums in their areas of interest. [ CITATION EIA20 \l 1033 ]
3.4 IEEE 802 Standards:
IEEE stands for Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers and IEEE 802 is a collection of networking standards that cover the physical and data-link layer specifications for technologies such as Ethernet and wireless. These specifications apply to local area networks (LAN) and metropolitan area networks (MAN). IEEE 802 also aids in ensuring multi-vendor interoperability by promoting standards for vendors to follow. Essentially, the IEEE 802 standards help make sure internet services and technologies follow a set of recommended practices so network devices can all work together smoothly. On the other hand, without these standards, equipment vendors may manufacture networking hardware that only connects to certain computers. It is much more difficult to connect to systems that don't use the same set of network equipment. [ CITATION IEE201 \l 1033 ] Standard Name Topic 802.1 Internetworking Routing, bridging and network-to-network communications 802.2 Logical Link Control Error and flow control data frames 802.3 Ethernet LAN All forms of Ethernet media and interfaces 802.5 Token ring LAN All forms of token ring media and interfaces 802.11 Wireless Networks Standards for wireless networking for many different broadcast frequencies and usage techniques 802.15 Wireless personal area networks The coexistence of wireless personal area network with other wireless devices in unlicensed frequency bands 802.16 Broadband wireless metropolitan area network The asmospheric interface and relate functions assonciated with broadband wireless connectivity; also know as WiMAX 802.17 Resilent paket rings Access method, physical layer specifications and management of shared packet-
based transmission on resilient rings 802.20 Mobile broadband wireless network Packet handling and other specifications for multivendor, mobile high-speed wireless transmission, nicknamed “mmobile WiMMAX” 802.22 Wireless regional area networks (WRAN) Wireless, boradcast-style network to operate in the UHF/VHF frenquency bands formerly used for TV channels Table3.4 IEEE 802 Standards. [ CITATION IEE20 \l 1033 ]
4. Networks Protocol:
4.1 Definition:
In networking, a protocol is a set of rules for formatting and processing data. Network protocols are like a common language for computers. The computers within a network may use vastly different software and hardware; however, the use of protocols enables them to communicate with each other regardless. [ CITATION Pro20 \l 1033 ]
4.2 List Protocol Of Networks:
Types Of Protocols Meaning Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) TCP is a popular communication protocol which is used for communicating over a network. It divides any message into series of packets that are sent from source to destination and there it gets reassembled at the destination. Post office Protocol (POP) POP3 is designed for receiving incoming E-mails. Internet Protocol (IP) IP is designed explicitly as addressing protocol. It is mostly used with TCP. The IP addresses in packets help in routing them through different nodes in a network until it reaches the destination system. TCP/IP is the most popular protocol connecting the networks. User Datagram Protocol (UDP) UDP is a substitute communication protocol to Transmission Control Protocol implemented primarily for creating loss-tolerating and low-latency linking between different applications.
