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HFRG threat pattern recognition
parameters in which the officer operates - correct answer 1. mission 2.tactical application 3.tactical environment 4.tactical requirements 5.most common types of resistance hfrg design methodology - correct answer 27 years ago a design methodology of tactical, legal and, medical research was introduced. legal research - correct answer the true effectiveness of any system is the defensibility of the system/technique in a court of law. reasonable force was based on:
- was there a need for the application of force
- was the relationship between the resistance and the level of force proportional (one plus one theory)
- was the extent of the subject's injury proportional to the subject's level of resistance or threat to the officer or another
- was the force applied on a good faith, based upon the perceptions of a reasonably trained officer and the objectively reasonable facts the officer had at the time of incident medical research - correct answer the most unique aspect of HFRG training is the extensive medical research supporting its techniques mental states in combat - correct answer combat anxiety- the anticipation of danger
survival stress- deadly force threat perception that initiates the SNS discharge (sympathetic nervous system) combat stress- deals with the post event mental & physiological symptoms that are a result of the SNS activation and the sudden return to the PNS (parasympathetic nervous system) known as the PNS backlash, may distort memory autonomic nervous system - correct answer the organs of our body, such as the heart, stomach, and intestines are regulated by. Part of the peripheral nervous system, and controls many organs and muscles in the body involuntarily. divided into PNS and SNS Inverted U law - correct answer relationship between stress and performance associated with activation of SNS balance between fight or flight/ rest and digest is called homeostasis SNS triggers - correct answer objective threat perceptions- fact that the threat is within close proximity, minimal time to control threat, person not confident with abilities, or new experience objective fear perceptions- having fear of death, injury, killing, incorrect decision making, failure, or fear itself physical exhaustion- caused by depletion of ATP fuel system or inadequate nutrition, can activate SNS force can escalate due to exhaustion startle response- anthropologists believe early man was a scavenger and not a predator, early man would have been hunted physiological changes caused by SNS activation - correct answer adrenal activity- adrenal glands are two small structures situated on top of the kidneys. Both in anatomy and function they consist of two distinct regions. adrenal cortex (outer layer). adrenal medulla (seperate endocrine gland). adrenal cortex has 3 zones (produce own hormones) but nerves are connected to SNS and
inverted u law - correct answer performance decreases as stress increases at 100 bpm we lose hearing optimal heart rate is 115-145bpm survival stress symptoms - correct answer common symptoms that may be experienced when SNS is activated. consist of but are not limited to: rapid breathing, cotton mouth, muscular tremors, increased heart rate, sweaty palms, visual difficulty, and loss of ability to concentrate. at 175bpm you cannot focus. cognitive abilities - correct answer to understand these effects, one must have knowledge of the memory framework. information is processed through the perceptual senses (5 senses plus "sixth") through several stages of memory.
- short term sensory store (STSS)- receives info and holds image
- short term memory (STM)- analyzes and evaluates information received and formulates strategy based on training and experience
- long term memory (LTM) - when stm is unable to analyze and evaluate information. will result in increase in reaction time hyper vigilance - correct answer lack of cortex (memory) accessing could result in the failure to develop a logical survival response and irrational behavior, may lead to this mental state. actions or reactions related to the hyper vigilant state include fight or flight, fixation or freezing, submissive behavior, and the feedback loop (repetition of actions clearly ineffective or inappropriate) DO SOMETHING DIFFERENT IF THE RESPONSE DOESN'T"T CHANGE! parasympathetic nervous system backlash (PNS) - correct answer triggers- the perception that the threat has diminished or that there has been an injury. trauma
to vital system or exhaustion of the aerobic and anaerobic systems can also cause this negative backlash. symptoms- persons experiencing pns backlash can experience negative symptoms: dizziness, excessive bleeding, symptoms of shock (paleness, nausea, excessive sweating, clammy skin). May also experience overwhelming sense of exhaustion or excessive muscle tremors. recovery- symptoms of pns backlash can be managed by layig horizontally to equalize blood pressure, and or ingesting fast burning carbs as soon as possible. ingesting good carb/protein meal before report writing or post incident interviews is also recommended. critical incident amnesia - correct answer this temporary amnesia will affect the officer's memory and ability to write an incident report. timetable to memory recovery: before the first sleep period, will only remember general characteristics of the incident. after, persons memory will increase from 50 to 90% persons ability to remember completely will not occur until after second sleep period. combat performance variables - correct answer mindset- having positive mindset is the variable that will affect combat performance. this is belief in the mission and commitment to complete the mission. being able to make the sacrifices necessary and never giving up attitude will assist in a positive mindset. motor skills selection- critical to fear management. if simple skills are taught and practiced, person will become more confident in abilities and will be more apt to control their fear. nutrition and hydration- poor nutrition leads to fatigue and fatigue leads to fear which may activate SNS. fast and slow burning carbs- fast burning cause rapid spike in blood sugar resulting in insulin response and will cause mental fatigue and hunger within 45 min of
minimizing number of skills according to hick's law will decrease reaction time. more skills = longer reactionary period. legal acceptability - correct answer 1. need for application of force
- relation between resistance and level of force proportional (one plus theory)
- extent of subject's injury proportional to subject's level of resistance or threat to officer or another (totality of circumstance)
- force applied on good faith, based on perceptions of reasonably trained officer and objectively reasonable facts at time of incident medical acceptibility - correct answer extensive research supporting hfrg techniques use of force/control continuum - correct answer theories of control:
- total control theory- centered upon use of intermediate weapon such as straight baton or side handled, pepper spray (OC chem agent) or electric control device (taser). allows specific tool for certain resistance levels. escalation determined by injury potential of each technique.
- one-plus one-theory- most conservative, concept of responding to resistance with proportional use of force. advocates one level of force higher than level of subject's resistance. resistance levels - correct answer psychological intimidation verbal noncompliance Passive resistance defensive resistance active resistance deadly force resistance levels of control - correct answer Officer Presence, Verbal Direction, Soft Empty Hands,
Hard Empty Hands, Intermediate Weapons, Deadly Force
