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HIEU 2031 Final- Questions and
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Cyrus the Great - Answers-Who/What? A member of the Achaemenid family and King of Persia and founder of the Persian Empire; he defeated the Median army (originally Persians were subject to the Medes) and united the Persians and Medians under his rule. Expanded the empire as he defeated and acquired Asia Minor, Babylonia, Assyria, Syria, and Palestine. When? Ruled from 559-530 BC Where? Persia Significance? Praised as a benevolent and talented ruler, he managed to unify the Persian empire despite the variety of languages, customs, laws, religions, and manners of waging war. His policies enhanced the prosperity of his empire and the well-being of its inhabitants. Darius I - Answers-Who/What? King of Persia who expanded his empire to extend from the Mediterranean to the Indus River. He reorganized and strengthened the Persian Empire by reforming the army and the government. Invaded Greece but was defeated at the Battle of Marathon. Sought revenge on Athens and Eretria for burning of Sardis. Had a system of spies to discourage rebellion. When? 521-486BC Where? Persia Significance? He created an administrative and financial structure that remained unchanged for 150 years. Marathon - Answers-Who/What? Site of the famous battle fought between the armies of Persia and the outnumbered Athenians. Athens was victorious and a messenger was sent to run the 26 miles back to the city with the news. Miltiades stepped in and played a key role in saving Athens. A monument was erected honoring those who died in battle, and men who had fought were greatly honored and respected. Battle was an attempt to teach Athens a lesson after Sardis. When? 490 BC Where? Marathon; East Attica Significance? The battle turned back a Persian attempt to subdue Athens, but brought on a later Persian expedition to subdue all of peninsular Greece. The success encouraged enough of the Greek cities to believe that they could resist Persia, which they successfully did ten years later. Aristagoras - Answers-Who/What? Tyrant of Miletus. He goes to the Persians for help capturing some islands called the Cyclades (hoping to add land to his domain). He is defeated at the Naxos, and he then trades sides and helps the Greeks defeat the Persians. After his defeat he takes advantage of the restless Ionians and tries to recoup his failings by uniting them in revolt (thus the instigator of the Ionian revolt). Resigned
his tyranny and took a constitutional office instead and set about overthrowing tyrants in Greek cities in Asia Minor. Tries to gain support from Sparta (fail - too far for them) and Athens (them and Eretrians give aide). When? 6th and 5th century BC Where? Miletus Significance? Spurs the Ionian Revolt Ionian Revolt - Answers-Who/What? Revolt against the Persian empire, instigated by Aristagoras and Ionians that are angry about rising taxes, and Persian use of puppet tyrants. Received help from Athens and Eretria, but still fail. When? 499BC Where? Aeolis, Doris, Cyprus and Caria. (Ionia) Significance? Mainland Greeks come to identify with Ionians who they see as unjustly enslaved. Greeks start putting an emphasis on freedom. Burning of Sardis made Persia spiteful and helped spurn the Persian Wars. Mardonius - Answers-Who/What? Son-in-law of Darius; sent by him as head of a large force to Greece where he conquered Thrace, Thasos, and Macedonia - successfully restored Persian prestige in northern Greece; forced to turn back when his fleet was wrecked off Mount Athos on the Chalcidic peninsula. Led the Persian army when Xerxes fled and was killed at Plataea When? 492 and 479 BC Where? From Persia, battled in northern Greece and Plataea Significance? When he is killed at Plataea his army is broken up. Lade - Answers-Who/What? A naval battle that occurred during the Ionian revolt. Major defeat for the Greeks. The Samians and Lesbians fled before the battle was even over. When? 494 BC Where? It's an island near Miletus Significance? Greek morale fell, and the tyrants whom Aristagoras expelled spread pro- Persian propoganda Satrap - Answers-Who/What? Title of the governors of the principal territorial subdivisions of the Persian empire. During the Peloponnesian War, the coastal _______ Tissaphernes and Pharnabazus enjoyed considerable independence from the king and entered freely into negotiations with the warring state When? 539-331 BC Where? Persia Significance? Allowed some freedom from king in local subdivisions Themistocles - Answers-Who/What? Athenian leader in years after Marathon, the man who persuaded Athens to use its windfall silver-mine profit to purchase ships and develop a navy to face the inevitable return of the Persians. He master-minded the naval battle of Salamis He was ostracized around 471 BC. Was archon in 493/2 BC. Was even honored by Spartans after the war.
Where? Town in southeastern part of Attica Significance? Led to the funding of triremes, which then became the basis of Athens' naval power Ostracism - Answers-Who/What? A political device introduced by Cleisthenes as part of his reforms. A person receiving at least a plurality of 6,000 votes was required to go into exile for a period of 10 years. The process received its name from the pieces of broken pottery on which Athenians wrote the names of the persons they wished to exile. Although any Athenian could in theory be ostracized, in practice the individuals who actually were were primarily major political leaders. When? 486-417BC Where? Athens Significance? Practical way for politicians to remove their competition. Mycale - Answers-Who/What? Location of Battle of Mycale - Greek fleet defeat Persians When? 479 BC Where? Region in south of Asia Minor containing city of Miletus Significance? Ionian Greeks leave Persian side Artemisium - Answers-Who/What? Naval conflict between Greeks and Persians that occurred simultaneously with the battle of Thermopylae When? 480 BC Where? Off the coast of Euboea Significance? Neither side won or loss, but proved to the Greeks that they could stand up against the Persian navy Trireme - Answers-Who/What? The modern term for the standard form of Greek warship in the Classical period. Propelled by three banks of oars and attaining speeds of 9 knots, t it used its bronze ram to disable enemy ships. Athenian oarsmen were the best at this maneuver, and Athenian fleets dominated naval warfare during the fifth century. It was manned by 180 rowers and 20 soldiers When? Classical period Where? Athens Significance? Led to more military participation (could be poor and be a rower) which led Athenian institutions to an increasingly democratic nature Salamis - Answers-Who/What? Naval battle where the Greek forces defeated the Persians, shortly after the battle at Thermopylae When? 480 BC Where? Island off the coast of mainland Greece. Significance? Defeat of the Persian fleet meant the Persian army could not continue its conquest. When the Persians lost most of their fleet at Salamis, Xerxes was forced to retreat with most of his army. While he still left a large force to continue the war, it was and admission of defeat.
Demaratus - Answers-Who/What? The exiled king of Sparta, ousted by Cleomenes, who left his country for Persia and offered to fight for Darius and then Xerxes in the Persian War. When? 6th/5th century BC Where? Sparta then Persia Significance? Gives Xerxes an inside look into the Greeks, and warns them of Spartans Pausanias - Answers-Who/What? Spartan commander whose despotic tendencies ticked off the rest of the Greeks. Known for victory at Platea When? 5th century Where? Sparta Significance?Athens was brought in instead to lead the fleet Eurymedon River - Answers-Who/What? The Battle of the Eurymedon was a double battle, taking place both on water and land, between the Delian League of Athens and her Allies, and the Persian Empire of Xerxes When? 467 BC Where? Mouth of the Eurymedon River Significance?The problem was that the victory was so decisive that encouraged defections from the League. Delian League - Answers-Who/What? A confederation that formed when Athens stepped in to provide new leadership against the Persians When? formed in 478 BC Where? Delos; moved to Athens in 454 BC by Pericles Significance? Led to a growth in Athenian, as they became more of an empire (especially after its center was moved to Athens) Cimon (Son of Miltiades) - Answers-Who/What? The leader of the Delian League. He lead aggressive attacks on Persia, and made friendly relations with Sparta. Thasos then rebelled the League, and then the people wanted to break away with Sparta. Cimon was exiled, and then Athens made an alliance with Sparta's enemy, causing them to break ties. When? 510-450 BC Where? Athens Significance? He had convinced Athens to go to Sparta's aid, but after being turned away the humiliation led Athens to ostracize Cimon in 461 BC and participate in a lot more anti-Sparta movements/activities (which in turn would lead up to the Pelop. War) Ephialtes - Answers-Who/What? Ancient Athenian politician and an early leader of the democratic movement there. In the late 460s BC, he oversaw reforms that diminished the power of the Areopagus, a traditional bastion of conservatism, and which are considered by many modern historians to mark the beginning of the "radical democracy" for which Athens would become famous.
entrenched mistresses or even common-law wives, but others less fortunate were essentially prostitutes. When? 5th century? Where? Athens Significance? They were generally more cultivated than citizen women; they were trained (usually by older hetairai) to be entertaining and interesting rather than to be thrifty managers of households.Since Pericles' citizenship laws of 451-450 made it impossible for a man to marry them and still have his children enjoy citizenship rights, many Athenian men chose to have long-term associations with them simultaneous with their legal marriages to Athenian women. Pericles' Citizenship Law - Answers-Who/What? Limited citizenship to those born of an Athenian father AND an Athenian mother When? 451 BC Where? Athens Significance? Enhanced the status of Athenian mothers and made Athenian citizenship a more exclusive category Pnyx - Answers-Who/What? Where the Athenian assembly met on a hill (Only free male citizens could vote, not women, slaves or foreigners) When? Began as early as 507 BC Where? Hill in central Athens Significance? One of the earliest and most important sites in the creation of democracy. Aeschylus - Answers-Who/What? He was a Greek dramatist, the earliest of the city's great tragic poets. As the predecessor of Sophocles and Euripides, he is the founder of Greek tragedy. Also fought at both Marathon and Salamis, and maybe even Platea When? 525-456 BC Where? Born in the city of Eleusis, near Athens Significance? First of the three ancient Greek tragedians whose plays can still be read or performed, the others being Sophocles and Euripides. He is often described as the father of tragedy:[2][3] Our knowledge of the genre begins with his work[4] and our understanding of earlier tragedies is largely based on inferences from his surviving plays. Metic - Answers-Who/What? Resident alien in a Greek state. Although they lacked citizenship, metics mingled comfortably in Athenian society and were often called on for help in wartime. The women known as hetairai were generally metics, though most ____ women were probably housewives. When? 5th and 4th century? Where? Athens Significance? Acted as merchants?
Pericles - Answers-Who/What? Athenian statesman. He was the central ruler of Athens during its golden age. He was the central patron behind many of their achievements. He was also a very skilled speaker. When? 495-429 BC Where? Athens Significance?Pericles had such a profound influence on Athenian society that Thucydides, his contemporary historian, acclaimed him as "the first citizen of Athens". Pericles turned the Delian League into an Athenian empire and led his countrymen during the first two years of the Peloponnese War. Thuc. remarks that if Athens had listened to him they could have won the war. Liturgy - Answers-Who/What? Indirect system of taxation whereby the rich were required to spend their own money in the service of the state. The most expensive was the trierarchy, which required a man to maintain a trireme for a year and to pay for the training of the crew. When? 5th century? Where? Athens Significance? They included financing the training of a chorus for dramatic performances or financing a delegation to a religious festival in another state. Oresteia - Answers-Who/What?A Three play series based on the family of Agamemnon, the Mycenaean king who commanded the Greeks at in the Trojan War-written by Aeschylus, depicting a powerful family (the house of Atreus) torn apart by betrayal, murder and revenge When? Athens Where? originally performed at the Dionysia festival in Athens in 458 BC Significance? advocates the importance of the male role in society over that of the female? Dokimasia - Answers-Who/What? The scrutiny Athenian citizens had to undergo before assuming a position in the government. When? 5th century? Where? Athens. Significance? Political enemies often used this procedure as a means of keeping a man out of public office. Aristophanes - Answers-Who/What?A playwright who wrote comedies including "the clouds and the birds". He was also know for his sharp wit When? 446-386 BC Where? Athens Significance?These, together with fragments of some of his other plays, provide the only real examples of a genre of comic drama known as Old Comedy, and they are used to define the genre (He si the Father of Comedy)
When? 449 BC Where?After battle of Eurymedon River Significance? It gave autonomy to Ionian states in Asia Minor, prohibited the establishment of Persian satrapies on the Aegean coast, and prohibited Persian ships from the Aegean. Archidamus - Answers-Who/What? King of Sparta. During the Archidamian War (432- 421), he led four invasions of the Peloponnesians into Attica. He died before this war ended. During these invasions, the Peloponnesians were able to do significant damage to the Athenian crops, but were unable to make the Athenians submit because of the markets available to the Athenians. When? 469-427 BC Where? Sparta Significance? His death, along with that of Pericles in 429 led to instigation of new strategies to try to break the stalemate of the war Long Walls - Answers-Who/What? Walls built around Athens to connect walls surrounding a city to walls at sea When? Built mid-5th century, destroyed in 403 BC by Sparta, and rebuilt during Corinthian War Where? Athens Significance? Defensive structure in Athens that would allow city to get supplies during war Hegemon - Answers-Who/What? the domination of one state or group over its allies When? 5th century? Where? Sparta, Thebes Significance? Because of Greek ideal of autonomy, when hegemonies were established, others rallied to knock them down Demagogue - Answers-Who/What? Literally, a "leader of the people." This was the term some Athenians used to categorize the politicians who arose in Athens after Pericles' death. Usually it had negative connotations and suggest a man interested only in his own well-being, unlike a true statesman, who cared for the welfare of the state. When? 5th Century? Where? Athens Significance?T hey exploit a fundamental weakness in democracy: because ultimate power is held by the people, nothing stops the people from giving that power to someone who appeals to the lowest common denominator of a large segment of the population. Nicias - Answers-Who/What? He was an Athenin general who wanted peace. Thats why the Peace treaty was named after him. He was chosen to lead the Sicilian campaigne. Did not want to attack Sicily but did anyway. he was executed at Syracuse When? 470-413 BC
Where? Athens Significance? Led to the signing of the Peace Treaty Brasidas - Answers-Who/What?Spartan warhawk in the Peloponnesian war When? Died in 422 BC Where? Sparta Significance? His death paved the way for the peace of Nicias Herm - Answers-Who/What? stone sculpture, usually placed outdoors, serving as a boundary marker, signpost, milestone, or memorial. A herm has a bearded man's head, but no or stunted arms, yet the square slab often holds an erect phallus. When? 6th century BC Where? Athens Significance? Mutilation of the herms - one night before the expedition a group of people goes around and smashes them scares people (they're apotropaic...they turn away evil...so they're scared b/c they think there are people in the city that want oligarch/pro-spartan shit) Hetaireiai - Answers-Who/What? Band of companions. Young men of the upper class frequently belonged to ________, or social clubs with political overtones, often of an antidemocratic nature. When? all throughout? Where? Athens Significance?The mutilation of the herms in 415 was rumered to be the work of such a ________, and the subversive activity of _________ played a part in the oligarchic revolutions of 411 and 404 Diodotus - Answers-Who/What? was an opponent to the proposal of Cleon, stopped Cleon's decision in 427 BC to kill all adult Mytilenean males and to enslave their women and children after the defeat of Mytilene When? 5th century Where?Athens Significance? Represented the moderate faction of Athens Demosthenes son of Alcisthenes - Answers-Who/What? Athenian strategos who decided in 427 to build a fort at Pylos, which included Sphacteria. When? 5th century Where? Athens Significance? His decision led the Spartans to send the 420 hoplites who would become the Athenians' key bargaining tool Battle of Amphipolis - Answers-Who/What? Conflict that first saw Sparta take the silver mined and then after defend them. The Spartan and Athenian generals both died in this battle. When? 422 BC
Significance? had proposed the genocide of Mytilene. He was the first prominent representative of the commercial class in Athenian politics, although he was an aristocrat himself. Peace of Nicias - Answers-Who/What?the spartans and Athenians agreed to return lands and punish their former allies for rebelling in this agreement. (was supposed to be a 50 year peace) When? 421 BC Where? Sparta/Athens Significance? Gave all power to Sparta and Athens, made everyone else subject to them in a way so they had no say. Ended first half of Pelop War Hyperbolus - Answers-Who/What? Ostracized after earning the combined wrath of rivals Nicias and Alcibiades When? died in 411 BC Where? Athens Significance? Last ostracism Battle of Mantinea - Answers-Who/What? largest land battle within Greece during the Peloponnesian war; When? 418 BC Where? Mantinea Significance? the Spartan victory saved it from the brink of defeat and shattered the Athenian alliance. Aristophanes' Peace - Answers-Who/What?a play written by Aristophanes right before the declaration of peace between Athens and Sparta - the main character asks the gods why they are letting Greek destroy itself with war and they respond it is because Peace has been locked up and the Gods have been alienated by the squabblin When? 421 BC Where? Athens Significance? The play is notable for its joyous anticipation of peace and for its celebration of a return to an idyllic life in the countryside Battle of Notium - Answers-Who/What? The Spartans under Lysander defeat a segment of the Athenian fleet. When?406 BC Where? Near Ephesus and Notium Significance?This victory resulted in the downfall of Alcibiades, and established Lysander as a commander who could defeat the Athenians at sea. Tissaphernes - Answers-Who/What? Satrap of Sardis, one of the two who determined Persian policy towards Greece, courted by Alcibiades on one hand and the Spartans on the other When? 445-395 BC
Where? Sardis Significance? formed an alliance with Sparta, and by the next year he had regained most of Ionia. Fearing that a complete victory of Sparta over Athens in the Peloponnesian War would endanger Persian interests, he supplied only limited assistance to his ally. As a result, when the Persian king Darius in 407 decided to support Sparta fully Theramenes - Answers-Who/What? Theramenes was a central figure in four major episodes of Athenian history. He appeared on the scene in 411 BC as one of the leaders of an oligarchic coup, but, as his views and those of the coup's other leaders diverged, he began to oppose their dictates and took the lead in replacing the narrow oligarchy they had imposed with a more broadly based one. had also served as a general When? Died in 404 BC Where? Athens Significance? Thought the 30 were too radical Cleophon - Answers-Who/What?Athenian Statesman known for rejecting peace offerings from Spartans; staunch democrat When? died in 404 BC Where? Athens Significance?Cleophon was made the object of satire by the comic poet Plato in an eponymous play (now lost), and by Aristophanes, a famous Greek playwright in The Frogs. Decarchy - Answers-Who/What? "Ten-man rules" Narrow oligarchies composed of Spartan sympathizers, supported by Spartan garrisons, that were established by Lysander after the Peloponnesian War in a number of cities and were responsible for maintaining their cities' loyalty to Sparta during the last years of the fifth century BC and the early 390s BC When? last years of the 5th century and early 390s Where? Cities now under Spartan rule Significance? Generated resentment against the Spartans for sticking their noses in everything Empedocles - Answers-Who/What? Greek who stated that all matter was composed of 4 elements: earth, air, fire, & water When? 490-430 BC Where? Agrigentum, a Greek city in Sicily Significance?Empedocles' philosophy is best known for being the originator of the cosmogenic theory of the four Classical elements Euripides - Answers-Who/What? A playwright who wrote about 90 tragedies and included strong female characters and smart slaves When? 480-406 BC
Battle of Arginusae - Answers-Who/What?Pyrrhic Athenian naval victory where 75 Pelop ships were caught, but storm which saw the stranding of 25 ships' crews in the water and the subsequent execution of the Athenian commanders for failure to fulfill their duty When? 406 BC Where? Arginusae islands Significance? and the subsequent execution of the Athenian commanders for failure to fulfill their duty (6 out of 8) Harmost - Answers-Who/What? A Spartan military governor or commander. They are first attested in the Peloponnesian War and are found after the end of the war, often stationed in cities that had previously been members of the Athenian Empire When? during the period of Spartan hegemony after the end of the Peloponnesian War in 404 BC Where?They were sent into their subject or conquered towns, Significance?partly to keep them in submission, and partly to abolish the democratic form of government, and establish in its stead one similar to their own; gave rise to spartan resentment Hippocrates - Answers-Who/What?"Founder of Medicine" During the Golden Age in Greece he was a scientist that believed all diseases came from natural causes. When? 460-370 BC Where? Born in Kos Significance?He also had high ideals for physicians & an oath was made that is still used today. Sophist - Answers-Who/What?The itinerant intellectuals who taught and gave speeches during the latter part of the fifth century BC. Some were primarily teachers of oratory, while others engaged in thoughtful speculation about society that challenged entrenched conventions. Sophists were drawn to the climate of Athens, where response to them was mixed. When? Late 5th century BC Where? Athens Significance?Plato made the discrediting of the ________ an important part of his dialogues, accusing them of substituting showy rhetorical displays for real wisdom such as Socrates possessed. Kleroterion - Answers-Who/What? A kleroterion is an ancient Greek allotment machine used to select jurors. When? 5th century Where? Athens Significance? Attempted to randomize selection of jurors
Conon - Answers-Who/What? Athenian general in late 5th century during the intervention of the Persians during the Peloponnesian War; defeated by Lysander several times When? 444-394 BC Where? Athens Significance? Rebuilt Athens long walls Battle of Aegospotami - Answers-Who/What?Complete destruction of Athenian navy by Lysander the Spartan fleet When?405 BC Where? Aegospotami, Hellespont, present-day Turkey Significance? A year later Athens surrendered to sparta, ending the Pelop War Critias - Answers-Who/What?Sophist who believed that the gods were created to keep men from doing what they wanted to do When? 460-403 BC Where? Athens Significance? Noted in his day for his tragedies, elegies and prose works. The 30 - Answers-Who/What? The Thirty Tyrants were a pro-Spartan oligarchy installed in Athens. Upon Lysander's request When? After Athens' defeat in the Peloponnesian War in 404 BCE (lasted for 13 months) Where? Athens Significance? Killed 5% of the Athenian population, the confiscation of citizen's property, and the exile of other democratic supporters.They became known as the "Thirty Tyrants" because of their cruel and oppressive tactics. The two leading members were Critias and Theramenes Thrasybulus - Answers-Who/What?An Athenian democratic believer who was left out of the 30. He sets up base at Phyle, and gain more and more people to launch a night attack on a harbor of Athens When?440-388 BC Where? Athens Significance?Defeated the Thirty Tyrants and brought democracy back to post-war Athens Sophocles - Answers-Who/What?Greek writer of tragedy Oedipus Rex When? 494-406 BC Where? Athens Significance? is one of three ancient Greek tragedians whose plays have survived. Erastes - Answers-Who/What? "Lover" The term for the active partner in a homosexual relationship. When?thoughtout?
Peltast - Answers-Who/What? Lightly armed greek soldiers who carried light throwing spears and small, round shields. They functioned as skirmishers and could be deployed either alone or in concert with hoplites. Although they were utilized during the Peloponnesian War, they increased dramatically in importance in the 4th century. The Athenian commander Iphicrates owed his successes to his well-trained ____________. When? 4th century Where? Significance? Dramatically changed warfare, made hoplite warfare ineffective (thus Sparta's long-standing military prowess was challenged) Iphicrates - Answers-Who/What? Athenian commander; His "Iphicratean reforms" consisted of increasing the length of their spears and swords, substituting linen cuirasses in place of heavier bronze armor, and introducing new footwear (later called iphicratids) that was easier to don and remove than previous models. When? 418-353 BC Where? Athens Significance? Enabled the Athenians to destroy an entire Spartan regiment with his peltast strategy The Sacred Band - Answers-Who/What? Elite Theban infantry formed about 378 BC. They consisted of 150 pairs of lovers. It played a major role in the Spartan defeat at Leuctra in 371 BC and later Theban military campaigns until it was totally destroyed at the Battle of Chaeronea in 338 BC When? 378 - 338 BC Where? Thebes Significance? Acted as a sort of Theban "special forces" and helped Thebes overthrow the Spartan hegemony and lead to their own Battle of Leuctra - Answers-Who/What?Sparta goes to stop expansion of Thebes. Thebes wins which establishes it as the dominant power in Greece. Expels all harmosts and supports Arcadian League When?371 BC Where? Leuctra Significance? Destroyed Spartan Hegemony and rise of Thebes Battle of Cnidus - Answers-Who/What? a battle between Sparta and the joined Persian and Athenian fleet When? 394 BC Where? Off the coast of Cnidus, in the Aegean Sea Significance?An Athenian admiral, Conon, who with the King of Cyprus, Evagoras, wanted to build a navy to defeat the Spartan navy, which would be good for the Persians. Spartans lose at sea in this battle. Athens comes back to being an important naval power
Corinthian War - Answers-Who/What? When Persia offered financial support to Athens, Thebes and other Greek city states to oppose the Spartan Power. When? 394-386 BC Where?Mainland Greece Significance? Peace of Antalcidas dictated by Persia 2nd Battle of Mantinea - Answers-Who/What? Battle b/n sparta and thebes, thebes technically wins When?362 BC Where? Mantinea Significance? Epaminondas killed, and urges thebes to make peace, thus ending Theban hegemony Autonomia - Answers-Who/What?The concept of self rule for Greek poleis or independence for Greek individual When? Throughout Where? Greece Significance? What makes Greeks Greek, but also hinders them from uniting (which keeps them from repelling outside invaders) Jason of Pherae - Answers-Who/What? The joint ruler of Pherae in Thessaly the early 4th century. Through military reform and the help of a mercenary general, he extended his control throughout Thessaly. He was assassinated in 370 while preparing to take over the Pythian games at Delphi. When? early 4th century, Assasinated in 370 BC Where? Pherae in Thessaly Significance? His rise to power and the subsequent chaos shows that Thessaly didn't have sufficient constitutional structures to prevent a single individual taking over or to maintain unification The Social War - Answers-Who/What?Provoked by Athens' increasingly dominating stance over its Second Athenian Empire, Chios, Rhodes, and Cos overthrew their democratic governments and broke away from the league, assisted by Byzantion. When? 357-355 BC Where?Aegean Sea, Asia Minor Significance?Confederate allies independent; Philip II of Macedon - Answers-Who/What?king of ancient Macedonia and father of Alexander the Great When? 392- Where? Macedonia Significance? Laid groundwork for alexander in establishing strong Macedonia (fortified its borders and started expanding into Greece)
