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Question 1: What is the primary objective of the requirement‐gathering phase in the SDLC? A. Writing source code B. Identifying and documenting stakeholder needs C. Deploying the system to production D. Conducting user acceptance testing Correct: B Explanation: Requirement gathering is all about understanding what stakeholders need so that the rest of the project can be planned and executed accordingly. Question 2: Which SDLC model emphasizes iterative development with frequent stakeholder feedback? A. Waterfall B. V‐Model C. Agile D. Spiral Correct: C
Explanation: Agile uses short iterations and continuous stakeholder involvement to adapt requirements and deliver working software quickly. Question 3: In the Waterfall model, which phase directly follows design? A. Maintenance B. Testing C. Development (coding) D. Deployment Correct: C Explanation: After design, the Waterfall model moves into the development phase, where the actual code is written. Question 4: Which SDLC phase focuses on identifying and mitigating potential project risks? A. Requirement gathering B. Risk management during SDLC C. Deployment D. Version control Correct: B
Explanation: The Spiral model uses repeated cycles (spirals) for risk analysis and incremental releases. Question 7: What is the main benefit of using an Incremental SDLC model? A. Single large release at end B. Early and partial product deployment C. No stakeholder involvement D. No need for testing Correct: B Explanation: Incremental development delivers parts of the product early, allowing feedback and reducing initial delivery risk. Question 8: Which tool category is most commonly used for requirement analysis and management? A. IDEs B. Version control systems C. Requirements management tools (e.g., JIRA, DOORS) D. Continuous integration servers Correct: C
Explanation: Tools like JIRA or IBM DOORS help capture, track, and manage requirements. Question 9: Why is documentation important throughout the SDLC? A. It slows down development B. It ensures legal compliance only C. It provides a reference and aids future maintenance D. It replaces testing activities Correct: C Explanation: Good documentation supports maintenance, onboarding, and future enhancements. Question 10: Which phase of SDLC involves writing test cases and executing them? A. Design B. Testing C. Deployment D. Requirement gathering Correct: B
Explanation: Continuous integration merges code changes frequently and runs automated tests to detect issues early. Question 13: In Agile, who is primarily responsible for prioritizing the product backlog? A. Scrum Master B. Development Team C. Product Owner D. Stakeholders Correct: C Explanation: The Product Owner maintains and prioritizes the backlog based on business value and stakeholder input. Question 14: What is a core principle of DevOps within the SDLC? A. Separate development and operations entirely B. Automate and integrate development and operations C. Remove testing from the pipeline D. Use only manual deployments Correct: B
Explanation: DevOps emphasizes automation and collaboration between development and operations for faster, reliable releases. Question 15: Which risk mitigation strategy involves transferring risk to a third party? A. Risk avoidance B. Risk transference C. Risk acceptance D. Risk reduction Correct: B Explanation: Transference shifts risk (e.g., via insurance or outsourcing) so that a third party manages it. Question 16: What is the main advantage of the V‐Model over Waterfall? A. No testing phase B. Direct mapping of testing activities to development phases C. Lower documentation requirements D. Less stakeholder involvement Correct: B
Explanation: Scope creep occurs when additional features are added without proper change control, affecting schedule and budget. Question 19: Which activity in SDLC validates that the final product meets user needs? A. Unit testing B. Integration testing C. User acceptance testing (UAT) D. Static code analysis Correct: C Explanation: UAT involves end users testing the system to ensure it fulfills their requirements before go‐live. Question 20: Why is risk assessment performed early in the SDLC? A. To delay development B. To identify potential problems and plan mitigations before they occur C. To avoid documentation D. To skip testing Correct: B
Explanation: Early risk assessment allows teams to address high‐impact issues before they escalate. Question 21: Which SDLC phase typically requires the use of CASE (Computer‐Aided Software Engineering) tools? A. Coding only B. Requirement gathering and design C. Deployment D. Maintenance only Correct: B Explanation: CASE tools support modeling, design, and documentation activities early in the SDLC. Question 22: What is the purpose of a feasibility study in SDLC? A. To test the final application B. To determine if project goals are achievable technically and economically C. To write code D. To finalize UI design Correct: B
Explanation: A traceability matrix ensures each requirement has corresponding test cases to validate implementation. Question 25: Which practice helps in reducing integration issues in SDLC? A. Delayed integration until end B. Continuous integration C. Manual merging only D. No testing Correct: B Explanation: Continuous integration merges changes frequently, detecting integration issues early. Question 26: Which SDLC activity involves reviewing and improving existing code structure without changing behavior? A. Refactoring B. Regression testing C. Deployment D. Requirement analysis Correct: A
Explanation: Refactoring improves code readability and maintainability without altering its external functionality. Question 27: Which SDLC phase focuses on deploying software to the target environment? A. Development B. Testing C. Deployment D. Requirement gathering Correct: C Explanation: Deployment includes release planning, environment setup, and moving code into production. Question 28: What is the benefit of using Agile’s daily stand‐up meetings? A. Detailed design sessions B. Identifying roadblocks and coordinating team efforts quickly C. Writing test cases D. Final project sign‐off Correct: B
Correct: A Explanation: Access controls in version control systems safeguard code integrity by restricting unauthorized commits. Question 31: In Agile, what does “sprint retrospective” focus on? A. Planning next sprint B. Reviewing work done and identifying process improvements C. Writing code D. Deploying increment Correct: B Explanation: Retrospectives evaluate the past sprint to improve future processes and team collaboration. Question 32: Which SDLC model explicitly integrates testing activities with development phases? A. Waterfall B. V‐Model C. Agile D. Spiral
Correct: B Explanation: The V‐Model pairs each development phase with a corresponding testing phase for better traceability. Question 33: What technique estimates software size and complexity early in SDLC? A. Function point analysis B. Regression testing C. Daily stand‐up D. Pair programming Correct: A Explanation: Function point analysis measures the functionality delivered to estimate effort and cost. Question 34: Why is version control branching useful in SDLC? A. It stops collaboration B. It allows parallel development while isolating features C. It replaces testing D. It avoids documentation
C. A local function D. A private member Correct: B Explanation: Static members belong to the class itself, not to any individual object instance. Question 37: Which sorting algorithm has an average time complexity of O(n log n)? A. Bubble sort B. Quick sort C. Insertion sort D. Selection sort Correct: B Explanation: Quick sort on average runs in O(n log n), though worst‐case is O(n²). Question 38: What is encapsulation in OOP? A. Overloading methods B. Hiding internal state and requiring all interaction through methods
C. Allowing multiple inheritances D. Defining abstract classes Correct: B Explanation: Encapsulation protects object state by exposing only public methods for interaction. Question 39: Which loop guarantees execution at least once before checking the condition? A. For loop B. While loop C. Do‐while loop D. Foreach loop Correct: C Explanation: Do‐while executes the loop body first, then checks the condition for further iterations. Question 40: What does recursion involve? A. Iterating with loops B. A function calling itself
