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ICS - Incident Command System, Exams of Advanced Education

University of LimpopoAdvanced Education

ICS - Incident Command System Update

Typology: Exams

2025/2026

Available from 02/12/2026

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ICS - Incident Command System
NIMS stands for?
SARA?
OSHA?
National Incident Management System
Superfund Amendments and Reauthorization Act
Occupational Safety and Health Administration
ICS is a _______________________, ___________________________,
______________________ approach to incident management.
Standardized
on-scene
all-hazards
ICS can _____________ or ________________ to meet incident needs.
expand
contract
How did ICS start?
In the 1970's in California due to fires in the area
What can ICS be used to manage?
Natural hazards
Technological hazards
Human-caused hazards
planned events
What is an incident?
is an occurrence or event, natural or human-caused that requires a response to protect life or
property
What is the top priority of ICS response?
Life safety
Define NIMS?
provides a systematic. proactive approach guiding departments ands agencies at all levels of
government, the private sector and nongovernmental organizations to seamlessly to prepare for,
prevent. respond to, recover from, and mitigate the efforts of incidents, regardless of cause, size,
location, or complexity, in order to reduce the loss of life and property, and harm to the
environment.
The following laws require the use of ICS?
SARA (1986)- established regulations for handling hazardous materials and directed OSHA to
make rules about it
OSHA (1990) - made the rules that ICS was to be used in all hazardous materials incidents -
"The incident command system shall be established by those employers for the incident that will
be under their control and shall interface with other organizations or agencies who may respond
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ICS - Incident Command System

NIMS stands for? SARA? OSHA? National Incident Management System Superfund Amendments and Reauthorization Act Occupational Safety and Health Administration ICS is a _______________________, ___________________________, ______________________ approach to incident management. Standardized on-scene all-hazards ICS can _____________ or ________________ to meet incident needs. expand contract How did ICS start? In the 1970's in California due to fires in the area What can ICS be used to manage? Natural hazards Technological hazards Human-caused hazards planned events What is an incident? is an occurrence or event, natural or human-caused that requires a response to protect life or property What is the top priority of ICS response? Life safety Define NIMS? provides a systematic. proactive approach guiding departments ands agencies at all levels of government, the private sector and nongovernmental organizations to seamlessly to prepare for, prevent. respond to, recover from, and mitigate the efforts of incidents, regardless of cause, size, location, or complexity, in order to reduce the loss of life and property, and harm to the environment. The following laws require the use of ICS? SARA (1986)- established regulations for handling hazardous materials and directed OSHA to make rules about it OSHA (1990) - made the rules that ICS was to be used in all hazardous materials incidents - "The incident command system shall be established by those employers for the incident that will be under their control and shall interface with other organizations or agencies who may respond

to such an incident" Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) also requires this What are the two levels that take place in order for ICS to be institutionalized? Policy Level - government officials must adopt it - executive orders, legislation - direct organizations to train, exercise the use of ICS Organizational level - operational level - integrated into functional and system-wide emergency operations policies - training is planned or underway - participating or coordinating ICS-oriented exercises NMIS is the nationwide _____________________ for agencies and is not a operational incident management or resource allocation plan. template NIMS represents a core set of doctrine, concepts principals, terminology and organizational processes that enables effective, efficient and collaborative incident management. What are they? Preparedness - activates conducted on an ongoing basis in advance of any incident - training and exercises, planning procedures and protocols Communications and Information Management - common operating picture to all command and coordination sites - redundancy of communications and information systems Resource Management - personnel and equipment and or supplies - resources must be fluid and adaptable Command and Management - Effective and efficient management and coordination by providing flexible, standardized incident management structure - ICS, Multiagency Coordination Systems and Public Information Ongoing Management and Maintenance - two components - National Integration Center (NIC) and Supporting Technologies What are some of the common causes of incident response problems? Lack of accountability Poor communication Lack of an orderly. systematic planning process No common, flexible, predesigned management structure No predefined methods to integrate interagency requirements into the management structure and planning process effectively What are some of the benefits of ICS? Safety of responders, workers and others Achievement of response objectives Efficient use of resources ICS represents _________________________ and has become the standard for emergency management across the country. best practices

  • span of control - control subordinates and manage all resources under their supervision
  • resource tracking - record and report resource changes as they occur
  • Dispatch/development - only respond when requested or dispatched by appropriate authority Define command as NIMS does. The act of directing, ordering, or controlling, by virtue of explicit statutory, regulatory, or delegated authority What are some of the reasons that transfer of command may take place at an incident? More qualified incident commander arrives and assumes command (could be lower ranking) Jurisdiction or agency is legally required to Incident changes complexity Current incident commander needs to rest What are the 5 steps to an effective incident of command transfer? Incoming IC should perform an assessment with existing IC IC should be adequately briefed
  • incident history
  • current plan
  • objectives
  • resources ordered/needed
  • incident organization
  • any constraints or limitations After briefing appropriate time for the transfer should be determined Notice of change in IC should be made New IC may give previous IC a new assignment Define chain of command. Orderly line of authority Incident managers to direct and control actions of all personnel Avoids confusion by requiring orders flow through supervisors Doesn't prevent information sharing Define unity of command. Report to 1 supervisor Receive work assignments only from assigned supervisor What are incident objectives used for an incident? So everyone has a clear understanding of what needs to be accomplished Priorities for the incident objectives are? Life safety Incident stabilization Property/Environment preservation The incident action plan must entail the following information? Specifies the incident objectives States the activities to be completed Covers a specified timeframe, operational period May be oral or written - hazardous materials incidents must be written An incident action plan must answer these 4 questions.

What do we want to do? Who is responsible for doing it? How do we communicate with each other? What is the procedure if someone is injured? Define staging areas? locations at an incident where personnel and equipment wait to be assigned

  • close enough to the incident for a timely response
  • could be more than one staging area Define base. is a location from which primary logistics and administrative functions are coordinated and administered Define camp. is a location where resources may be kept to support incident operations if a base is not accessible to all resources Define helibase. is a location which a helicopter-centered air operations are conducted
  • long term basis
  • fueling and maintenance Define helispots. temporary locations where helicopters can take off and land
  • there might be multiple spots like this Define resources. are personnel and major items of equipment, supplies, and facilities available or potentially available for assignment to incident operations and for which status is maintained Resource management includes processes for? Categorizing, credentialing and identifying Ordering resources Dispatching resources Tracking Resources Recovering Resources There are five major management functions that are the foundation upon which the ICS organization develops. These functions are? Incident Command - sets objectives, strategies and priorities - responsibility of incident Operations - conducts operations to reach the incident objectives - tactics Planning - tracking resources, collecting/analyzing info and maintaining documentation Logistics - provides resources and needed services to support and achieve the objectives Finance & Administration - costs related to incident What are the responsibilities of the incident commander? Ensuring incident safety Providing information to internal and external stakeholders Establishing and maintaining liaison with other agencies participating in the incident

What is the responsibility of the Finance & Administration section chief? Financial and cost analysis Contract negotiation, recording personnel and equipment time Documenting accidents and injuries What are some key components of the operations section? First organizations to be assigned to the incident Develops from the bottom up Has the most resources may have a staging area and special organizations Each team in the operations section should consist of what? A team leader and no more then 5-7 team members Define task force. mixed resources with common communications operating under direct order of a task force leader The major activities of the Planning Section may include; Collecting, evaluating and displaying incident intelligence and information Preparing and documenting incident action plans Tracking resources assigned to the incident Maintaining incident documentation Developing plans for demobilization Define resource unit. Conducts check -in activates and maintains the status of all incident resources - significant role in preparing written incident action plan Define situation unit. Collects and analyzes info on the current situation, prepares situation displays and situation summaries. Develops maps and projections Define documentation unit. Provides supplication services. Maintains and archives all incident-related documentation Define demobilization unit. Ensures that resources are released from the incident in an orderly, safe, and cost effective manner The Logistics Section is responsible for all of the services and support needs, including; Ordering, obtaining, maintaining, and accounting for essential personnel, equipment and supplies Providing communication planning and resources Setting up food services for responders Setting up and maintaining incident facilities Providing support transportation Providing medical services to incident personnel The Logistics unit is supported by two branches and 6 units. The Service branch includes? The Support Branch includes? Communications Unit Medical Unit Food Unit Supply Unit

Facilities Unit Ground Support Unit The Finance/Administration Section is responsible for; Contract negotiation and monitoring Timekeeping Cost Analysis Compensation for injury or damage to property Documentation for reimbursement The Finance/Administration Section can be further staffed with four units; Procurement Unit - vender contracts, leases Time Unit Cost Unit Compensation/Claims Unit Define unified command. Applies ICS in incidents involving multiple jurisdictions or agencies Enables institutions and agencies with different legal, geographic, and functional responsibilities to coordinate, plan and interact effectively A unified approach results in; A shared understanding of priorities and restrictions A single set of incident objectives Collaborative strategies Improved internal and external information flow Less duplication of efforts Better resource utilization Define a single integrated incident organization. team effort - unified command overcomes much of the inefficiency and duplication of effort that can occur when agencies from different functional and geographic agencies Define so-located (shared) facilities. In a unified command, incident facilities are co=located or shared. there is one single incident command post Define one set of incident objectives, single planning process and incident action plan. unified command uses one set of incident objectives and a single planning process and produces one incident action plan. The planning process for united command is similar to the process used on single-jurisdiction incidents What do incident coordination activates include? Establishing policy Collecting info Establishing priorities Resolving resource issues Facilitating support Synchronizing public messages ICS requires that you be accountable for; Abiding by policies, procedures, and guidelines Working on objectives outlined in the ICP Ensuring unity of command and chain of command by taking directions from your incident