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ICT UNIT 1 KEYWORDS REVISION
3G - Third-generation wireless communication which allows high-speed wireless data transfer. Acceptable use policy - Rules to which users agree, to reduce the misuse of ICT. Often found on social networking/collaborative sites. Application (Applications software) - Software that helps users perform particular tasks. Backup - A copy of data that is made in case the original data is lost or damaged. This can be used to restore the original data. Bandwidth - The amount of data that can fit through an Internet connection. You can compare it to a ten-lane motorway which can fit more cars on it than a four-lane motorway. Is measured in bits per second (bps). This indicates the number of bits of information that can fit down the line in one second. Kb or Kbps means thousands of bits per second; Mb or Mbps means millions of bits per second. Biometric - An automated method of recognising a person based on physical characteristics. Among the features measured are face, fingerprints, hand geometry, iris and voice. Blog - A shared online journal where people can post diary entries about their personal experiences and hobbies. Blue-jacking - The sending of unwanted messages to others over Bluetooth connections. Bluetooth - Allows the exchange of data over short distances from fixed and mobile devices. In order for devices to communicate they must be able to understand the rules (protocols). Blu-Ray - A disk that enables the recording, rewriting and playback of high-definition video and the storing of large amounts of data. It has five times the storage capacity of traditional DVDs and can hold up to 25GB on a single-layer disk and 50GB on a dual- layer disk. Broadband - A high-speed connection to the Internet. Buffering - Downloading a certain amount of data into temporary storage before starting to play a file. Card Code Verification (CCV) - A set of numbers on the back of a credit card that help verify that the use of the credit card is legitimate.
Cloud computing - A system in which all computer programs and data is stored on a central server own by a company (e.g. Google) and accessed virtually. Collaboratively - Working together with other people. Commercial - Related to a business. Compatible - The ability of a device to communicate and share information with another device. Computer Misuse Act - This law restricts people from accessing or modifying data without permission. Convergence - When one device is developed to carry out functions that were originally performed by several different devices. Cookies - Small text files that are sent to your computer from certain websites. They track your behaviour and transactions. Copyright - Gives the creator of an original work exclusive rights regarding that work for a certain period of time, including its publication, distribution and adaption. Copyright, Designs and Patents Act - This law protects people's original work from being used without their permission. Credit card - A plastic card, issued by banks, building societies, retail stores and other businesses, which enables a person to buy goods and services without the need for cash. The holder agrees to pay back the money borrowed at a later date, sometimes with interest. Data - Symbols, characters, images and numbers are all types of this. When this is processed and acquires meaning it becomes information. Computers process this to produce information. Data Protection Act - This law regulates how personal information is used and protects against misuse of personal details. Debit card - Similar to a credit card, but the money is taken directly from the cardholders bank account. Digital Divide - Unequal access to ICT for individuals or groups, usually due to financial, geographic, health or cultural reasons. Digital Economy Act - This law protects copyright holders from criminals who illegally distribute copyrighted material (piracy).
Hacker - Someone who gains unauthorised access to a computer in order to obtain data stored on it. HDMI (High-Definition Multimedia Interface) - Required for connecting devices to show high-definition video. HDTV - High-definition TV. High definition (HD) - The picture on a TV screen is made of lines of pixels. In a conventional TV there are 625 lines, which are refreshed 25 times per second. This has either 720 or 1080 lines, so it produces a clearer sharper picture. Hosted software - Hosted software, also known as Software as a Service (SaaS), is accessed via a web browser rather than being installed on the user's computer. Identity theft - A crime that involves someone pretending to be another person in order to steal money or obtain other benefits. Information overload - Having so much information that the user feels overwhelmed. ISP (Internet service provider) - A company that provides Internet access to its customers. IP (Internet Protocol) address - The personal address of your computer (just like your home address), so that servers know where to send the information you have requested. Lag - Slow computer functionality often caused by high latency or low performance hardware. Latency - The time delay between the moment something is initiated and the moment it becomes detectable. Locally installed software - Software which is installed on the user's computer. Microblog - Short messages which may include short sentences, individual images or video links. An example is Twitter. Multifunctional - Having the ability to do many different things using the same device. Near field communcation (NFC) - Allows the wireless exchange or data between two devices by touching them together or holding them very close to each other. Non-physical goods - Items for sale which are delivered digitally, e.g. music files from iTunes. Sometimes called DLC (downloadable content).
On-demand entertainment - Technology that allows users to view programmes at the time of their choosing by streaming them. Online banking - A service offered by banks that allows account holders to view their account information online and carry out various financial transactions. Online community - A group of members of a website who communicate and share ideas online, often about a shared interest. Open source software - Software that is available to download free of charge, e.g. OpenOffice.org, which is a suite of applications. Overheads - The ongoing expenses of operating a business, e.g. rent, fuel bills, salaries, etc. Peer-to-peer (P2P) - Sharing files among groups of people who are logged on to a file- sharing network. Peripherals - External devices connected to a computer e.g. printer, microphone, etc. Personalised learning - Learning that is tailored towards the individual to allow them to make progress. Personalisation techniques - Ways of making content relevant to a particular customer using their interests, geographical position, etc. Phishing - A form of Internet fraud that aims to steal valuable information such credit card details, usernames and passwords. Physical goods - Items for sale which can be touched and must be delivered by post in some way. Plagarism - Copying someone else's work and presenting it as your own. Privacy - The protection of personal data. Proprietary software - Software for which you have to pay for a license to use (e.g Microsoft Office). Protocol - A set of rules used by computers to communicate with each other across a network. Public domain - Materials that are available for anyone to use for any purpose (not subject to the laws of copyright). Query - To search, usually when talking about a database.
Target audience - A description of the people your products are aimed at. It could include their age, the language they speak, their special needs, or any other characteristics relevant to the scenario you are given. Teleworking - Working from home but staying in touch with others with the help of technology. Third party payment processor - A business that offers customers an alternative fast, safe method to pay for online goods and services, e.g. Paypal. Transactional data - Data with is gathered as part of a user's online activity. When buying something online, this could include information about the product bought but also personal details from the buyer such as address and payment details. Trojan - A program that appears legitimate but which performs some harmful activity when it is run. It may be used to locate password information, or make the system more vulnerable to future entry, or simply destroy programs or data on the hard disk drive. This is similar to a virus but it does not replicate itself. Upload - Transfer a file from your computer to a central computer. User-generated reference sites - These allow users to generate content collaboratively on a website to which others can refer to inform their research. Validity - Based on truth, or reason. It is important to judge whether information found online is valid because it could be biased or untruthful. Viral marketing - A marketing strategy that encourages people to pass on a marketing message to their friends. It uses interesting and entertaining content that people will want to share. Virtual learning environment - An online system for education with areas for homework, classes, teacher and pupil space, etc. Virus - A program designed to cause other programs on a computer to malfunction or to stop working altogether. VoIP (Voice over Internet Protocol) - This technology is used to make telephone calls via the Internet, usually at a cheaper cost. Wi-Fi (Wireless Fidelity) - It is similar to Bluetooth in that it is used to exchange data wirelessly, but the signals can travel greater distances. Wikis - A type of website that encourages collaboration by allowing users to add, edit and remove content.
