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Identify the difference between an observation, Exams of Science education

Stanford UniversityScience education

May change with new observations. •Inferences involve combining information from other sources with observations to make a logical conclusion. •“Inferring”.

Typology: Exams

2022/2023

Uploaded on 02/28/2023

juhy
juhy 🇺🇸

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•Identify the difference between an observation
and an inference.
•Identify the components of a controlled
experiment
•Differentiate between the independent and dependent variable
•Write a hypothesis that includes an independent variable,
dependent variable, and prediction.
The Scientific
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Download Identify the difference between an observation and more Exams Science education in PDF only on Docsity!

  • Identify the difference between an observation and an inference.
  • Identify the components of a controlled experiment
  • Differentiate between the independent and dependent variable
  • Write a hypothesis that includes an independent variable, dependent variable, and prediction.

The Scientific

  • A logical, organized method for solving

problems.

  • Observation : the act of noticing and describing

what is happening in an orderly way.

  • Sight, smell, touch, hearing, and taste.
  • Observations often lead to new questions.
  • Qualitative : descriptive, usually describes things

that can not be counted.

  • Example: The leaf color was brown.
  • Example: The plant was 16 cm tall.
  • Quantitative : measured, often uses a number.

Observation: The grass outside is wet.

  • It rained.
  • The sprinklers were on.
  • There is dew on the grass from the morning. What are some possible inferences:

Observation: The school’s fire alarm is going off.

  • The school is on fire.
  • We are having a fire drill.
  • A student pulled the fire alarm. What are some possible inferences:
  • Independent : the factor that is manipulated.
    • Ask yourself: What did we do?
  • Ask yourself: What did we measure?.
  • Dependent : the measurement that is taken of

the data that is collected in the experiment.

  • This is the variable in the experiment that you control.
  • Testing the hypothesis.
  • A detailed plan
  • Must be controlled using 2 variable (everything

else in the experiment stays the same)

  • Dependent Variable
  • Independent Variable
  • Relate your results and back to your hypothesis.
  • Discuss experimental error.
  • Raise additional problems/questions for future

experiments.

  • Does my experiment SUPPORT my hypothesis?
    • YES!
      • The hypothesis is not proven, it is supported
        • Your hypothesis will never be “wrong” or “correct”
      • A Theory is a well-tested explanation that unifies a broad range of observations and hypotheses, and enables scientists to make accurate perditions about new situations.
    • NO….
      • Retest
      • What did you learn
      • How can you revise your hypothesis?

OBSERVATION FORM HYPOTHESIS EXPERIMENT/ COLLECT DATA CONCLUSION SUPPORTED HYPOTHESIS? YES NO

A biologist wondered whether caffeine had an effect on resting heart rate over the course of 6 weeks. Describe how the experiment should be set up according to the scientific method. Be sure to include a hypothesis in correct format and identify the dependent and independent variables.