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IICRC - Applied Structural Drying Exam 2024
Air Filtration Device (ADF) - ANS-Commonly called an air scrubber or negative air machine if airborne particles need to be reduced, you could use an appropriately installed _______ ________ ________ Air Filtration Device - ANS-AFD Assembly Construction - ANS-Prior to determining the best drying system for affected materials, restorers should identify and understand the assembly construction (ie wall assembly, floor assembly) Category 1 - ANS-water originates from a sanitary source and does not pose substantial risk for dermal, ingestion, inhalation, or exposure. Uncontaminated and routinely cleaned Category 2 - ANS-water contains significant contamination and has the potential to cause discomfort or sickness if contacted or consumed by humans Category 3 - ANS-water is grossly contaminated and can contain pathogenic, toxigenic, or other harmful agents Sewage Back Up - ANS-Category 3 Clean water supply line - ANS-Category 1 Class 1 - ANS-Least amount of water absorption and evaporation load - Wet porous materials - water loss is less then 5% of the area Class 2 - ANS-Significant amount of water absorption and evaporation load - water intrusion where wet represents 5% - 40% of the area. Class 3 - ANS-greatest amount of water absorption and evaporation load. Water intrusion where wet represents over 40% of the area Class 4 - ANS-deeply held or bound water. Significant amount of water absorption into low evaporation materials. Drying may require special drying methods, longer drying time, or substantial water vapor pressure differentials. Closed drying system - ANS-Uses mechanical dehumidification and is not open to outside air. Used if there are security issues, the outside air is not conductive to drying or when access to outside air is not possible. Conventual refrigerant dehumidifier - ANS-Removes water vapor from the air by lowering the temperature of the incoming air to below dew point and causing the water
to condense on the coils. Cold and hot surfaces created with gases inside a closed coil system. Combination Drying System - ANS-uses some outdoor air with dehumidifiers to accelerate the drying process. This can include periodically venting (flushing) the structure, using negative pressure or using small openings to the outside Desiccant dehumidifier - ANS-Removes water vapor from the air through absorption. Usually requires more amperage as compared to refrigerant dehumidifier. Desiccants create the lowest vapor pressure which work best on low porosity materials. When a desiccant dehu is drawing outside air and ducting processed air inside a building it can create positive pressure in the building. To improve desiccant dehu performance, it may be beneficial to pre-cool the desiccants air intake Infiltration - ANS-High humidity outside air could affect the drying climate adversely due to ______________
- Tightness of the building envelope
- Prevailing weather
- HVAC
- Class of Water
- Building Construction
- Build out density - ANS-Favors that affect the detailed dehumidifier calculation is: Detailed Dehumidification Calculation - ANS-See Chart: Cubic Feet : Divided by 70 = Base Pints per day Multiply the 5 multipliers together: Build out density x building construction x class of water x HVAC x Weather Impact = Multiplier Multiply Base Pints per day x Multiplier = Adjusted Pints Per Day Dry Standards - ANS-The unaffected material readings are called ______ ______. You know you can use this as your drying goal. Your drying goal is this plus 10% of it. Drying Goal Calculation - ANS-Dry standard + (Dry standard x 10%) =
Why does demolition occur - ANS-1. Removing Materials to eliminate safety hazards
- Removing materials that have suffered primary damage and are not restorable
- Removing porous materials that are holding odor
- Removing vapor barriers to assist with drying efforts
- Removing materials to reduce drying time
- Removing materials to open cavities or areas to provide additional needed services Useful for adjuster, or notes on xactimate line items
Temperature - ANS-To decrease drying time of wet materials, restorers can increase the __________ of moisture in the materials. This accelerates the water molecules to make them move to the air. Tuesday - ANS-The day with the greatest vapor pressure differential between air and material was Monday - Surface Vapor Pressure: .90 Air Vapor Pressure: .73 = Monday Vapor Pressure Differential:. Tuesday- Surface Vapor Pressure: 1.51 Air Vapor Pressure: .55 = Tuesday Vapor Pressure Differential:. Wednesday- Surface Vapor Pressure: 1.04 Air Vapor Pressure: .31 = Wednesday Vapor Pressure Differential:. Coldest Dew Point - ANS-In the driest environments, we'll find _______? High Temperatures - ANS-The IICRC S500 Water Damage Restoration Standard mentions the following concerns: ______________ ___________ may have weakending or destructive effects on the structural integrity or physical makeup of building materials and contents. Restores should be aware of any instructions or safety recommendations from manufactures of heating devices to protect occupant safety and avoid fire hazards Desiccant Dehumidifiers - ANS-Use chemicals that readily absorb moisture. These machines operate with temperatures ranging from -10°F - 140°F and can remove moisture from air where the humidity ratio is as low as 5 gpp This one dehumidifier can work below 32°F Colder and Dryer - ANS-The ____________ & _________ the intake air is the more efficiently a desiccant operates Positive Pressure - ANS-When a desiccant dehumidifier is drawing outside air and ducting processed air inside a building it can create ____________ ___________ in the building. Convection Conduction Radiation - ANS-Heat flows from areas of warm temperatures to areas of cool temperature in the absence of other factors. The greater the temperature difference between warmer and cooler areas (temperature gradient) the faster the heat flows. Buildings lose or gain heat in three ways 1 ________
3 _______ Temperature Gradient - ANS-Heat flows from areas of warm temperatures to areas of cool temperature in the absence of other factors. The greater the temperature difference
between warmer and cooler areas (this is called _______________ __________________) the faster the heat flows. Evaporation - ANS-When a surface's temperature is warmer than the dew point of the air space ____________ occurs, removing moisture from the surface. Humidity Ratio - ANS-______________ __________________is the actual amount of moisture in the air. This amount is expressed in weight as the number of grains of moisture per point of dry air (gpp). The more moisture present in the air, the heavier the moisture will weight. GPP - ANS-Humidity Ratio is the actual amount of moisture in the air. This amount is expressed in weight as the number of grains of moisture per point of dry air (this is the _________). The more moisture present in the air, the heavier the moisture will weight. Vapor Pressue - ANS-______________ __________________ is the pressure that all substances in a gaseous state exert on surrounding surfaces. the amount of pressure is determined by the concentration of gases, such as water vapor, in proportioned to the area in which it is contained Moisture moves - ANS-from areas of high water vapor pressure to areas of low water vapor pressure seeking equilibrium Equilibrium - ANS-Moisture moves from areas of high water vapor pressure to areas of low water vapor pressure seeking equilibrium rate of evaporation - ANS-Increasing the material temperature and the water temperature within the material will increase the energy within the water molecule, and this will increase the ____________ of _____________ Moisture Movement in Materials - ANS-Drying efforts need to reverse the mechanism by which the moisture entered. Free water is drawn out through capillary action, followed by excess bound water via diffusion. capillary action - ANS-___________ ______________ is the movement of a liquid through the pores of a material. moisture diffusion - ANS-__________ ___________ is the movement of water vapor molecules through the material. Driven by moisture gradients as well as vapor pressure differential from inside the material to one or both outer surfaces of the material. Air Vapor Pressure - ANS-To increase evaporation from permeable material you should increase material water vapor pressure and lower _____________ ______________
IEP - ANS-Indoor Environmental Professional Indoor Environmental Professional - ANS-The IICRC (2003) states that "The role of an IEP is to perform an assessment of the fungal ecology of property, systems and contents at the job site, create a sampling strategy, sample the indoor environment, interpret laboratory data and determine Condition 1, 2 and 3 status for the purpose of establishing a scope of work (pre-remediation assessment) and/or when necessary to verify the return to normal fungal ecology. PPE - ANS-personal protective equipment Cupping - ANS-Water is trapped underneath and caused the flooring to do this Crowning - ANS-The water is on the top of the flooring causing the flooring planks to do this BTU - ANS-British thermal unit. The quantity of heat required to raise the temperature of one pound of water one degree Fahrenheit. Converting Grain Depression to PPD - ANS-CFM of Dehu x Grain Depression / 71 = PPD AHAM - ANS-The Association of Home Appliance Manufacturers. AHAM ratings - ANS-60% humidity and 80 degrees Fahrenheit to present a realistic picture of how equipment will perform in an "average" environment. Amps - ANS-The amount of electricity (current) flowing in a circuit Volts - ANS-The force of electricity flow in a circuit Watts - ANS-The amount of electricity an electrical device uses when operating Power Consumption Formula - ANS-Volts x amps x 24 hours = watts ÷ 1000 = kW x cost per kW @ day Sanitize Disinfect Sterylize - ANS-Levels of cleaning low to high
EPA - ANS-Environmental Protection Agency
An independent federal agency established to coordinate programs aimed at reducing pollution and protecting the environment Psychrometric - ANS-study of the relationship between air, humidity and temperature and their effect on various materials and comfort levels Psychrometric chart - ANS-chart consisting of lines and curves that shows the relationship between air volume, temperature and relative humidity, and from which a variety of other information (humidity ratio-gpp, dew point, vapor pressure, etc.) relating to drying may be determined Balanced drying - ANS-ideal drying situation in which the rate of evaporation is equal to or slightly less than the rate of dehumidification or ventilation. Infiltration - ANS-migration of air into and area from outside area due to high VP differential Permeance - ANS-a measure of water flow through material(s) of specific thickness. Humidity, airflow and temperature (HAT) - ANS-work together and when managed, enable achieving target time for drying influences movement toward equilibrium - wet seeks dry; hot seeks cold; high vapor pressure seeks low vapor pressure 20% 16% - ANS-_____% rotting fungi growth IN wood _____% - non-rotting fungi growth ON wood 7.48 - ANS-Gallons per cubic foot of water depth 80% - ANS-_____% - available power to use per NEC per amperage in circuit 15 20 - ANS-Residential v. commercial - generally, residential ______amp / commercial ______ amp (consider never using over 80% of available amperage) Moisture Sensor - ANS-Senses moisture in materials over 17% MC; helps determine perimeter of water damage; unable to determine which layer is wet or when dry Thermo-hygrometer - ANS-determines temperature / RH in all required atmospheric areas of inspection; helps determine open or closed drying system; further determines dehumidifier recommendations after initial placement Moisture meters - ANS-invasive and non-invasive; determines moisture content; establish, monitor and determine when dry standards are met
conventional refrigerant dehu. LGR dehu continue to remove a significant amount of water vapor below 40 GPP Hygroscopic Materials - ANS-Easily absorb and desorb (release) moisture. Usually, the first materials to become damaged by abnormal water. Can be easily damaged from high humidity (secondary damage) Moisture Content - ANS-A measure of the amount of moisture present in the structure of a material. Moisture Level - ANS-The measurement of the amount of moisture contained in a material on the relative scale. Moisture Movement - ANS-The primary mechanisms through which moisture moves through hygroscopic materials are capillary action and diffusion Regulated Materials - ANS-If presumed asbestos containing materials or lead in materials are discovered, you should stop activities that can potentially disturb the hazardous materials. If asbestos is found or suspected, removal shall be performed by a Licensed Asbestos abatement contractor Relative Humidity (RH) - ANS-the amount of water vapor present in air expressed as a percentage of the amount needed for saturation at the same temperature. Thermodynamics - ANS-the science of how energy changes. Examples : Wet goes to dry, hot goes to cold, high pressure goes to low pressure 2 LGR dehumidifiers - ANS-You are working on a class 2 water loss that has two affected areas. Area 1 is 3750CF and Area 2 is 2700CF You plan to dry both areas together using an LGR Dehu rated at 80 ppd at AHAM. How many of these dehus do you need to install on this project. C. Always round up - doesn't matter the decimal amount - ANS-When you are calculating equipment do you A. Use the exact number B. Always Round down C. Always round up - doesn't matter the decimal amount 2 desiccants - ANS-You are working on a class 3 water loss that has an affected area of 15120 CF. You plan to dry the area with a desiccant dehu AHAM rated at 385 CFM. How many of these dehumidifiers do you need to install on this project 45360 CFH - ANS-You are working on a class 3 water loss that has an affected area of 15120 CF. You plan to dry the area with a desiccant dehu. What is the CFH?
756 CFM - ANS-You are working on a class 3 water loss that has an affected area of 15120 CF. You plan to dry the area with a desiccant dehu. What is the CFM? 6-7 air movers - ANS-A room is 186 sqft (8' ceilings) with one offset larger than 18" (included in the sq ft calculation). The entire floor area is wet and walls show only minor wicking except for Wall A and B - totaling 90 sqft The ceiling is not affected. What is the range of air movers you would need for this using the IICRC calculation guide 3 AFDs - ANS-Structure dimensions are 45' x 50' x 10'. Calculate using 4ACH. The AFDs you have are rated at 500 CFM. How many AFDs would you need for this project? Calculation: Cubic Feet (CF) x ACH / 60 = CFM CFM/Rated CFM= # of AFD 1 AFD - ANS-Structure dimensions are 30' x40' x8' According to the IICRC the desired air change rate per hour (ACR) is 4. The AFDs you have are rated at 700 CFM. How many AFDs will you need. Calculation: Cubic Feet (CF) x ACH / 60 = CFM CFM/Rated CFM= # of AFD 9 - 11 air movers - ANS-Room is 22' x14' x12' with a 6'6" x 2'6" off set The total floor square footage is 324.25 sq ft The entire floor area is wet and walls show only minor wicking except 1 wall - sq ft area of affected wall minus 2 ft at bottom is 165sqft. The ceiling is not affected Loss Category 3 - ANS-Sally experienced a water damage in her home that has affected the crawlspace. The cause of loss is a broken sanitary sewer line. What loss category is this? Loss Category 1 - ANS-The cold-water supply line to the kitchen sink broke at the valve, saturating many areas of the house. What category loss is this? 5-6 air movers - ANS-A room that is 235 sq ft. 8' high ceilings with little to no wicking. Floor is the only area wet. What is the range of air movers you would place? 3-4 air movers - ANS-The dining room is 115sq ft. 8' high ceilings with little to no wicking. Floor is the only area wet. What is the range of air movers you would place? 2 LGR dehumidifiers - ANS-A water supply line broke in a home affecting the kitchen, dining room and family room. This is a class 3 Loss Total sq ft is 1170 with 8' ceilings.
