Available in three places
• via Selection/Select by Location
–this selects features of one layer(s) which relate in some specified spatial manner to the
features in another layer
–if desired, selected features may be saved later to a new theme via Data/Export Data
• via Spatial Join (right click layer in T of C, select Join/Joins and Relates, then click
down arrow in first line of Join Data window---see Joining Data in Help for details)
–Use for: points in polygon
lines in polygon
points on lines (to calculate distance to nearest line)
points on points (to calculate distance to “nearest neighbor” point)
•via Tools/Geoprocessing Wizard
–Creates a new layer (e.g. shape file) & combines attribute tables from 2 or more input themes
–Five options available for different types of matching (see below)
Options in Geoprocessing Wizard
•Dissolve features based on an attribute
–Use for spatial aggregation/dissolving
•Merge layers together
–Use for edge matching
•Clip one layer based on another
–Use one theme to limit features in another theme
(e.g. limit a Texas road theme to Dallas county only)
•Intersect two layers (extent limited to common area)
–Use for polygon on polygon overlay
•Union two layers (covers full extent of both layers)
–Use for polygon on polygon overlay
Implementing Spatial Matching in ArcGIS 8
--Selection: simply selects
(“highlights”) entire spatial features in
the target layer, but doesn’t modify
these features
--joins: operate on tables and normally
creates a new table with additional
variables, but again does not modify
spatial features themselves
--geoprocessing wizard: modifies
geographic features thus creates new
spatial file
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