Implicit Memory and Memory Systems: SRT Task, Artificial Grammars, Repetition Priming, Quizzes of Psychology

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Implicit Memory and Memory

Systems

PSY 400, Human Memory, Fall 2003

November 19, 2003

Housekeeping

• Let’s take a quiz!
• Some stuff to hand back.

Important stuff from last time

• (Recognition memory, recognition memory, recognition memory)
• Difference between direct/indirect test.
• Hebb effect.
• SRT task.

Overview of Today’s Material

• Implicit memory: Tasks
  1. The SRTT and artificial grammar learning
  2. Priming and word fragment completion
• Memory Systems: Theoretical perspectives on implicit memory
• The Cognitive Aging of Memory

The serial reaction time task (SRTT)

Subjects respond faster w/learning

Were we aware of a sequence?

Artificial grammars

• An artificial grammar used to generate strings (see fig 7.1)
• Grammatical strings are easier to recall than random ones (Reber, 1967).
• Subjects can judge whether novel strings are grammatical or not... -... but they can’t explain why.

Repetition priming results

• You more likely to complete the fragments with words from the list (where possible).
• A control group gets the task without completions from the list.
• The difference between the experimental and control groups referred to as priming.

Dissociations involving repetition

priming

• Less forgetting for fragment completion (Figure 7.2; Tulving, Schacter and Stark, 1982)
• Different interference effects (table 7.3).

Indirect tests not subject to PI/RI

• Table 7.
• Perhaps there’s a totally different memory for the indirect task?
• Perhaps you probe the same memory differently?
• What if you just ignore the first word in the indirect task?

A brief history of memory theory

• Universal laws of memory—interference theory (30’s to 50’s)
• Multiple stores (60’s, 70’s)
• Memory systems (80’s—present) (see also table 7.4)

What is a memory system?

• Separable, largely independent, modules
• How to find evidence for such modules?
  1. Functional dissociation
  2. Different neural substrates
  3. Stochastic independence
  4. Functional incompatibility

Double dissociation

Experimental manipulation A, but not B, affects performance on task X, but not Y, while manipulation B, but not A, affects performance on Y but not X.

• Both A and B contribute to behavior.
• Effects are selective.