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Psychology is the study of a.) mental illness b.) the brain c.) behavior and mental processes d.) observable behavior in humans and animals
The followers of argue that there is a close relationship between animal behavior and human behavior. a.) Jean Jacques Rousseau B b.) Charles Darwin c.) John Locke d.) Rene Descartes
The year 1879 might be thought of as the beginning of psychology as a science because that is the year: a.) Margaret Floy Washburn wrote "The Animal Mind" b.) G. Stanley Hall established the first clinic for handicapped children c.) Wilhelm Wundt developed and opened the first psychology laboratory d.) Sigmund Freud discovered the role of the unconscious mind in determining behavior
wanted to know how specific behaviors and mental processes help a person or animal adapt to the en- vironment, so they looked for underlying causes and practical consequences of these behaviors and processes. a.) Rationalists b.) Structuralists c.) Fundamentalists d.) Functionalists
John Watson, Ivan Pavlov, and BF Skin- ner would have agreed that psychology
C
C
D
is the study of: a.) behavior b.) the mind A c.) conscious experience d.) mental processes Which modern psychological perspec- tive focuses on how people reason, remember, understand language, and solve problems? a.) the cognitive perspective b.) the learning perspective c.) the sociocultural perspective d.) the psychodynamic perspective
One of the main areas of focus for psy- chologists from the psychodynamic per- spective is the importance of: a.) free will b.) early childhood conflicts and trauma B c.) the proper balance of neurotransmit- ters in the brain d.) appropriate role models during child- hood
In a psychology experiment, subjects lis- ten to a variety of tones presented at dif- ferent frequencies and then reflect on the experience, describing what they heard as precisely as possible. These individu- als would have been using the process B called a.) behaviorism b.) introspection c.) hypnosis d.) Gestalt Therapy
Psychologists are referred to as scien- tists because: a.) they work with complicated comput- ers b.) they rely upon sophisticated
A
Random sampling of a population is most likely to a.) produce a representative sample b.) give the researcher a very large sam- ple c.) increase the likelihood of finding sig- nificant differences between two different groups d.) increase the chances of the study being published
What is the advantage of the experimen- tal method as opposed to the correlation- al studies? a.) an experiment is better suited to stud- ies of unusual individuals b.) an experiment can consist of as little C as one observation of a single individual c.) an experiment can demonstrate cause-and-effect relationships d.) an experiment is easier to do and poses fewer ethical problems
An experimenter assigned students to three classrooms with different music playing in each room. Then he tested their ability to memorize poetry. What is the independent variable? a.) the type of music b.) the motivation of students c.) the difficulty of the poetry d.) the student's success in memorizing poetry
"If an athlete imagines having a good performance, then that athlete is more likely to be successful in an event." This statement is a description of a.) Determinism b.) a hypothesis
A
A
B
c.) a theory d.) a correlation
What is a quantitative, statistical mea- sure of how different test scores are from each other in a group of students? a.) correlation coefficient D b.) frequency distribution c.) mean d.) standard deviation
A control group in an experiment a.) is used to prevent experimenter bias b.) is not necessary if random assign- ment to groups is used D c.) is also called a placebo group d.) does not receive the experimental treatment
The term "significant at the .05 level" means that a.) the student will get an A on her senior thesis b.) the results are likely to occur by B chance less than 5% of the time c.) the means of the two groups differed by at least 5 percentage points d.) the results are important
With the help of correlational studies, scientists have determined that people who are chronically depressed are more likely than non-depressed people to de- velop cancer. Which of the following can be derived from the study? a.) chronic depression causes cancer D b.) early, undetected cancer causes de- pression c.) depressed people tend to smoke, causing cancer d.) chronic depression and cancer are related to one another
b.) sensory neurons c.) motor neurons d.) mirror neurons
While Maura is walking on the road, a bicyclist swerves towards her. Her heart race and swear breaks out as she jumps out of harm's way. Soon, Maura's heart rate begins to decrease. This calming reaction is due to the action of Maura's: a.) lymphatic system b.) endocrine system c.) parasympathetic nervous system d.) sympathetic nervous system
One purpose of the is to speed up the conduction of neural im- pulses. a.) dendrites C b.) axon terminal c.) myelin sheath d.) synaptic vesicle
A brief change in the electric voltage of a neuron in response to stimulation is called: a.) an inhibitory B b.) an action potential c.) neurogenesis d.) neurotransmission
Which statement about neurotransmit- ters is accurate? a.) Neurotransmitters are briefly ab- sorbed into the cell body of the postsy- naptic neuron b.) Neurotransmitters bind to receptors on the membrane of the postsynaptic neuron c.) Neurotransmitters can only be re- leased about once per second
C
B
d.) Most neurotransmitters have the same shape
Which of the following is true? a.) Injured or damaged neurons in the central nervous system can never regen- erate b.) No new neurons are produced in the nervous system after infancy C c.) Recent research suggests that stem cells in the brain may be able to generate new neurons throughout life d.) The spinal cord, but not the brain, can produce new neurons after childhood
Which of the following neurotransmitters seems to play a major role in motivation, sleep, appetite, and mood? a.) serotonin A b.) dopamine c.) acetylcholine d.) norepinephrine
Raymond has Parkinson's Disease, which means that: a.) he suffers from frequent conclusive episodes b.) his brain's production of endorphins c.) he suffers from severe depression d.) his brain is unable to produce normal amounts of dopamine
Endorphins a.) eliminate pain when a painful stimu- lation is prolonged b.) contribute to relationships by promot- ing attachment and trust C c.) make pain bearable so that it doesn't interfere with action d.) regulate a "biological clock" in the brain
D
reaction time and impairs judgement c.) as a stimulant, alcohol makes it hard to remain calm and maintain focus atten- tion B d.) alcohol affects the amygdala, and is likely to make drivers irritable and less willing to obey the rules of the road
Depressants drugs typically act on the neurotransmitter system. a.) dopamine b.) serotonin c.) GABA d.) glutamate
Your friend is cutting back on her coffee intake. She is experiencing headaches, fatigue, and irritability as a result of a.) withdrawal A b.) nicotine addiction c.) caffeine intolerance d.) a placebo effect
A prominent part of the reward pathway of the brain is the , located at the base of the frontal lobe. a.) locus coeruleus C b.) suprachiastmatic nucleus c.) nucleus accumbens d.) reticular formation
The primary active substance in marijua- na, THC, binds to receptors. a.) GABA b.) dopamine c.) acetylcholine d.) cannabinoid
Prolonged use of may lead to physical deterioration, paranoia, and brain damage. a.) ecstasy
C
D
B
b.) methamphetamine c.) LSD d.) marijuana
Individuals who develop a tolerance to prescription pain medication may switch to a cheaper and more intense drug with similar, but stronger, effects at brain synapses - intense pleasure and relief of pain. The highly addictive drug is a.) heroin b.) Valium c.) methylphenidate d.) Prozac
A
