Introduction to Computer Systems: Components, Basic Operations, and Software, Exams of Introduction to Computing

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COMPUTER SOFTWARE &

SYSTEM

Introduction to Computing

CHAPTER

Computer System

System

A group or combination of interrelated, interdependent, or interacting elements forming a collective entity.

Computer System  (^) A functionally related group of elements, especially a network of related computer hardware, software and data transmission.  (^) So a system of one or more computers and associated software with common storage

Basic Operations of Computer

Input  (^) it is the process of accepting data or information

Processing  (^) it is the transformation process to convert the input into output  (^) the way that a computer manipulates data

Output  (^) it is the result produced by the computer  (^) it is the outcome of the process

Storing  (^) it is the process of storing or retaining the data or information or instructions, so that the user can retain and retrieve it whenever required

Controlling  (^) it is the process of directing the manner and sequence in which all the operations are to be performed

Basic Operations of Computer

Basic Operations of Computer

Components of Computer System

A computer system has four components

Hardware

Software  (^) User

Data

Components of Computer Systems (Users)  (^) Users  (^) are the people operating the computer  (^) are the most important part  (^) tell the computer what to do  (^) In fact the user is a critical part of a complete computer system, especially when a personal computer is involved  (^) this may seem surprising, since we tend to think of computer as intelligent devices, capable of performing amazing tasks

People also sometimes believe that computer can think and make decisions, just like human do  (^) but this is not the case  (^) even the most powerful supercomputer requires human interaction for solving problems.

When working with a personal computer, the user can take on several roles, depending on what he or she wants to accomplish

Components of Computer Systems (Data)  (^) Data  (^) Pieces of information  (^) Computer organize and present data

Data is collection of facts as values or measurements.  (^) It can be numbers, words, observations or even just description of things

This information may be in the form of  (^) Text documents  (^) Images  (^) Audio clips  (^) Software programs, or other types of data  (^) Communications devices perform both input and output functions, allowing computers to share information  (^) In a computer, data consists of small pieces of information that, by themselves, may not make sense to a person  (^) The computer manipulates data into useful information

Components of Computer Systems (Hardware)

Some of the hardware components are  (^) Processor  (^) Motherboard  (^) Keyboard/mouse  (^) RAM  (^) Hard drive  (^) CD/DVD  Floppy  (^) USB port  (^) Network card  (^) Modem  Serial ports  (^) Parallel port  (^) Sound card  (^) Video card  (^) Fan  (^) Cables  (^) Power switch  (^) Reset switch  (^) Case

Components of Computer Systems (Hardware)

Components of Computer Systems (Software)  (^) Computer software is a collection of computer programs and related data that provides the instructions for telling a computer what to do and how to do it  (^) It is not tangible  (^) it has no substance  (^) Software tells the hardware what to do  (^) Through software we interact with the hardware

 software convert human understandable language in to computer understandable language

 (^) It helps manage the computer hardware and provides common services for efficient execution of various application software  (^) We use operating system software to help analyze, configure, optimize and maintain the computer

Components of Computer Systems (Software)  Software are use for  (^) Security purposes  (^) Educational purposes like teaching and self learning  (^) Banking system e.g. ATMs, online banking etc  (^) Airline reservations  (^) Chatting, video conferences etc  They are even used to run many application software’s  Other software applications are used  (^) in many medical devices that monitor or control patients are predominantly controlled by software e.g. heart rate, blood pressure and breath rate checking monitors  (^) to make design of buildings, roads, traffic signals, bridges  (^) to protect the computers from viruses and prevent from a loss

Software Types

There are two general types of software

Application Software

System software

Application Software

Application software is computer software designed to help the user to perform specific tasks  (^) They are also known as an application or an app  (^) in recent years, the abbreviation "app" has specifically come to mean application software written for mobile devices  (^) Examples include enterprise software, accounting software, office suites, graphics software and media players

Applications may be bundled with the computer and its system software, or may be published separately

Application programs are written in a computer language like any other program