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THE INTERNATIONAL PHONETIC ALPHABET (revised to 2018) CONSONANTS (PULMONIC) © 2018 PA Bilatial Lebiodensal] Dental [Alveoise Postalveclss|Rewoflex| Palau | Volar | Uvulor |Pharyngest| Glozal Ptosive pb td tdiceslkglace 2] Naval m 1m n n| on 0 N frail B r R Yap ot Flap Vv L i Fie [PB f vlG@d[sz f slsezlei xvyixulh T[hA ae i ree v a 1 J a eee 1 i) 4 L Symbols tothe right in a ell ae voiced, o tae lef are voiesless Shaded ateas dencte arieulations judged impossible CONSONANTS (NON-PULMONIC) vowsLs Clicks Voited implosivee Bjectiver pea Bak 5 ; cos jey Uleu O eitavia B waasiat ‘Examples: * : \ LY u | Dentat cf Dentwavecter |)” Bilatiad \ \ raga | f sac esas Claris C&G ——94O—— ¥ 90 = ealaratvecte | Of velar Ke ven e Tianissznssn rete S sncammaiaty Open.mi dro shs Ago ze, 2 OTHER SYMHOLS He ave els M VeiotiazIabel velar fant G Y% Alveoto palatal rontvee ‘kee pile wopeartnipaire ho ems W Veioed likintwilic apponinent J. Voieedatveoar lata fap ‘ite cig repetoeae o some oil Uf Veiced Inigo approximant Fj Simatemeous fend X SUPRASEGMENTALS HH veiceteas epiglowal ficatve ' Prmery stress | x Aifioats and double atousione a foons'tifon Vetced spigot fnomave cmberpremedoyeronmbls tS kp 1 Secondary strss a cine by ate bar if nee - - : D epighoea plosive peed ene ne 1 Long, e * Haiflong 7 DIACRITICS Same diacritics may be placed above a symbol with a desvender, e.g. TY w cemed (6 Veicelese Breaky voiced =D a Dental a 4 Ded, Beaty eet a f 4 | Minor (0) arp : Voiced 8 to . Orealeyvoiced = a, | Apical td | Majee (iataautiea) ebay M aspiced th I ingaotbiat =A | tail td « Sylloble break si.ackt More rounded W abialized i Naalized e _ Linking (absence of a breald Less rounded 4 Patatatioed "Nasal velease de 4 A TONES AND WORD ACCENTS Advanced % vetatized | Cara release d LBVEL CONTOUR ices yall Theantecie | |G TER Sor A Ring Contrized =~ Velnized orghmyngeaticod — F é im € N eel = x é tid ie Mid-sctckand & Raieed © (= veied alveolar incre) £ ie S71 clas a _—- e aw é ‘oing Sylatic n Lowered © (B= voiced ttaiat ppronima 5 sy Ries pa _ eB | 3 jer 8 4k _ Nempiitio {Advanced Tongue Rest © + Damen | Glatt © Bhotieity BY Ay Ketmoted Tongue Root t upstep Ny, Global au 
