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Project Management: Scope and Schedule Management Processes, Exams of Social Sciences

United States International UniversitySocial Sciences

A comprehensive overview of project management, focusing on scope and schedule management processes. it details key concepts such as scope statements, wbs creation, activity sequencing, and schedule control, offering definitions and explanations suitable for students studying project management principles. The guide includes various approaches to wbs development and schedule management techniques, enhancing understanding of project planning and execution.

Typology: Exams

2024/2025

Available from 04/30/2025

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ISMN 5370 TEST 2 STUDY GUIDE
Scope - Answers :refers to all the work involved in creating the products of the project
and the processes used to create them.
deliverable - Answers :describes a product created as a part or a project
Six main Scope Management Processes - Answers :1. Planning scope management 2.
Collecting requirements 3. Defining scope 4. Creating the WBS 5. Validating scope 6.
Controlling scope
Planning Scope Management (Scope Process 1) - Answers :involves determining how
the project's scope and requirements will be managed.
Collecting requirements (Scope Process 2) - Answers :involves defining and
documenting the features and functions of the products for the project as well as the
processes used for creating them.
Defining scope (Scope Process 3) - Answers :involves reviewing the scope
management plan, project charter, requirements documents, and organizational
process assets to create a scope statement, adding more information as requirements
are developed and change requests are approved.
Creating the WBS (Scope Process 4) - Answers :involves subdividing the major project
deliverables into smaller, more manageable components.
Validating scope (Scope Process 5) - Answers :involves formalizing acceptance of the
project deliverables.
Controlling Scope (Scope Process 6) - Answers :involves controlling changes to project
scope throughout life of the project -- a challenge on many IT projects.
Scope Management Plan includes: - Answers :1. How to prepare a detailed project
scope statement 2. How to create a WBS 3. How to maintain and approve the WBS 4.
How to obtain formal acceptance of the completed project deliverables 5. How to control
requests for changes in the project scope.
Requirements management plan - Answers :documents how project requirements will
be analyzed, documented, and managed.
Benchmarking - Answers :generating ideas by comparing specific project practices or
product characteristics to those of other projects or products inside or outside the
performing organization, can also be used to collect requirements.
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ISMN 5370 TEST 2 STUDY GUIDE

Scope - Answers :refers to all the work involved in creating the products of the project and the processes used to create them. deliverable - Answers :describes a product created as a part or a project Six main Scope Management Processes - Answers :1. Planning scope management 2. Collecting requirements 3. Defining scope 4. Creating the WBS 5. Validating scope 6. Controlling scope Planning Scope Management (Scope Process 1) - Answers :involves determining how the project's scope and requirements will be managed. Collecting requirements (Scope Process 2) - Answers :involves defining and documenting the features and functions of the products for the project as well as the processes used for creating them. Defining scope (Scope Process 3) - Answers :involves reviewing the scope management plan, project charter, requirements documents, and organizational process assets to create a scope statement, adding more information as requirements are developed and change requests are approved. Creating the WBS (Scope Process 4) - Answers :involves subdividing the major project deliverables into smaller, more manageable components. Validating scope (Scope Process 5) - Answers :involves formalizing acceptance of the project deliverables. Controlling Scope (Scope Process 6) - Answers :involves controlling changes to project scope throughout life of the project -- a challenge on many IT projects. Scope Management Plan includes: - Answers :1. How to prepare a detailed project scope statement 2. How to create a WBS 3. How to maintain and approve the WBS 4. How to obtain formal acceptance of the completed project deliverables 5. How to control requests for changes in the project scope. Requirements management plan - Answers :documents how project requirements will be analyzed, documented, and managed. Benchmarking - Answers :generating ideas by comparing specific project practices or product characteristics to those of other projects or products inside or outside the performing organization, can also be used to collect requirements.

Requirements traceability matrix (RTM) - Answers :a table that lists requirements, their various attributes, and the status of the requirements to ensure that all are addressed. Project Scope statements - Answers :should include at least a product scope description, product user acceptance criteria, and detailed information on all project deliverables. Work breakdown structure (WBS) - Answers :a deliverable-oriented grouping of the work involved in a project that defines its total scope. work package - Answers :a task at the lowest level of the WBS decomposition - Answers :subdividing project deliverables into smaller pieces. scope baseline - Answers :includes the approved project scope statement and its associated WBS and WBS dictionary. Approaches to developing WBSs - Answers :1. Using guidelines 2. the analogy approach 3. the top-down approach 4. the bottom-up approach 5. the mind-mapping approach Analogy approach - Answers :you us a similar project's WBS as a starting point top-down approach - Answers :start with the largest items of the project and break them into subordinate items. bottom-up approach - Answers :team members first identify as many specific tasks related to the project as possible. Mind-mapping approach - Answers :technique that uses branches radiating from a core idea to structure thoughts and ideas. WBS dictionary - Answers :a document that provides detailed information about each WBS item. scope creep - Answers :the tendency for project scope to keep getting bigger and bigger. Scope validation - Answers :involves formal acceptance of the completed project deliverables Prototyping - Answers :involves developing a working replica of the system or some aspect of the system Variance - Answers :is the difference between planned and actual performance

Activity attributes - Answers :provide more information such as predecessors, successors, logical relationships, leads and lags, resource requirements, constraints, imposed dates, and assumptions related to the activity. Milestone - Answers :a significant event that normally has no duration. Dependency/Relationship - Answers :the sequencing of project activities or tasks. Three types of Dependencies - Answers :1. Mandatory Dependencies 2. Discretionary Dependencies 3. External dependencies Mandatory Dependencies - Answers :inherent in the nature of the work being performed on a project, sometimes referred to as hard logic Discretionary dependencies - Answers :defined by the project team, sometimes referred to as soft logic and should be used with care since they may limit later scheduling options External Dependencies - Answers :involve relationships between project and non- project activites Network diagram - Answers :a schematic display of the logical relationships among, or sequencing of, project activities. Arrow Diagramming Method (ADM) or Activity-On-Arrow (AOA) - Answers :... Bursts - Answers :occur when single node is followed by two or more activities Merge - Answers :occurs when two ore more nodes precede a single node Resources - Answers :people, equipment, and materials Resource breakdown structure - Answers :a hierarchical structure that identifies the project's resources by category and type Duration - Answers :the actual amount of time worked on an activity plus elapsed time Effort - Answers :the number of workdays or work hours required to complete a task Gantt Charts - Answers :a standard format for displaying project schedule information by listing project activities and their corresponding start and finish dates in a calendar format. S.M.A.R.T. - Answers :Specific..Measurable..Assignable..Realistic..Time-Framed

Critical Path Method (CPM) - Answers :a network diagramming technique used to predict total project duration Critical path - Answers :a project is the series of activities that determines the earliest time by which the project can be completed. Slack/Float - Answers :the amount of time an activity may be delayed without delaying a succeeding activity or the project finish date Free slack/Free float - Answers :the amount of time an activity can be delayed without delaying the early start of any immediately following activities Total slack/Total float - Answers :the amount of time an activity may be delayed from its early start without delaying the planned project finish date. forward pass - Answers :through the network diagram determines the early start and finish dates backward pass - Answers :determines the late start and finish dates Crashing - Answers :activities by obtaining the greatest amount of schedule compression for the least incremental cost Fast tracking - Answers :activities by doing them in parallel or overlapping them overrun - Answers :the additional percentage or dollar amount by which actual costs exceed estimates Cost - Answers :a resource sacrificed or foregone to achieve a specific objective or something given up in exchange Project Cost Management - Answers :the processes required to ensure that the project is completed within an approved budget Project Cost Management Processes - Answers :1. Planning cost management 2. Estimating costs 3. Determining the budget 4. Controlling costs Planning cost management - Answers :Determining the policies, procedures, and documentation that will be used for planning, executing, and controlling project cost. Estimating cost - Answers :developing an approximation or estimate of the costs of the resources needed to complete a project Determining the budget - Answers :allocating the overal cost estimate to individual work items to establish a baseline for measuring performance

Bottom-up estimates - Answers :involve estimating individual work items or activities and summing them to get a project total Parametric modeling - Answers :uses project characteristics (parameters) in a mathematical model to estimate project costs Typical Problems with IT cost estimates - Answers :1. Estimates are done too quickly 2. People lack estimating experience 3. Human beings are biased toward underestimation

  1. Management desires accuracy. Cost baseline - Answers :a time-phased budget that project managers use to measure and monitor cost performance Earned Value Management (EVM) - Answers :a project performance measurement technique that integrates scope, time, and cost data baseline - Answers :original plan plus approved changes Planned Value (PV) - Answers :formerly called the budgeted cost of work scheduled (BCWS), also called the budget, is that portion of the approved total cost estimate planned to be spent on an activity during a given period Actual Cost (AC) - Answers :formerly called actual cost of work performed (ACWP), is the total of direct and indirect costs incurred in accomplishing work on an activity during a given period. Earned value (EV) - Answers :formerly called the budget cost of work performed (BCWP), is an estimate of the value of the physical work actually completed. Rate of performance (RP) - Answers :the ratio of actual work completed to the percentage of work planned to have been completed at any given time during the life of the project or activity estimate at completion (EAC) - Answers :an estimate of what it will cost to complete the project based on performance to date Budget at completion (BAC) - Answers :the original total budget for the project