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I am extremely pleased to state that
MR. KUNAL S. BATHIJA
Has taken keen interesting and fascinating topic entitled
This topic is done under Mrs. RADHIKA MAM’s guidance
and supervision during the academic year 2015-
of STD. XI C (C.S.)
Gratitude is a pearl of great price in the treasure Of values.
Its beauty grows when it is expressed. The researchers (Students) wishes to express his deep sense of gratitude to her guide Mrs. RADHIKA MADAM’S who was the guiding spirit throughout the entire work. The student also expressed his sincere gratitude to The Principal Sir, Shri D.H. TIWARI for his valuable support. I also express my gratitude to all the teaching and non-teaching staff for their assistance during the entire work. Student’s Name : KUNAL S. BATHIJA Student’s signature :.
Sr. No. Title Page No. Signature
Topic
this reason that wool and silk threads breakup into fragments and ultimately dissolve in alkalines. In other words alkalines decreases the tensile strength of animal fibres (wool & silk). Vegetable fibres (cotton & linen), on the other hand, consist of long polysaccharide chains in which the various glucose units are joined by ethers linkage.
Since ethers are hydrolised by acids and not by bases therefore, vegetable
fibres are affected by acids but not by bases. In other words acids decreases the tensile strength of vegetable fibres. In contrast, synthetics fibres such as nylon & polyester practically remains unaffected by both acids and bases.
Ultimate Tensile Strength ( UTS ), often shortened to tensile strength (TS) or ultimate strength, is the maximum stress that a material
can withstand while being stretched or pulled before failing or breaking. Tensile strength is distinct from compressive strength. Some materials break sharply, without plastic deformation, in what is called a brittle failure. Others, which are more ductile, including most metals, experience some plastic deformation and possibly necking before fracture. The UTS is usually found by performing a tensile test and recording the engineering stress versus strain. The highest point of the stress–strain curve (see point 1 on the engineering stress/strain diagrams below) is the UTS. It is an intensive property; therefore its value does not depend on the size of the test specimen. However, it is dependent on other factors, such as the preparation of the specimen, the presence or otherwise of surface defects, and the temperature of the test environment and material. Tensile strengths are rarely used in the design of ductile members, but they are important in brittle members. They are tabulated for common materials such as alloys, composite materials, ceramics, plastics, and wood.
over some distance. Tensile tests are used to determine the modulus of
elasticity, elastic limit, elongation, proportional limit, reduction in area,
tensile strength, yield point, yield strength and other tensile properties.
The main product of a tensile test is a load versus elongation curve which
is then converted into a stress versus strain curve. Since both the
engineering stress and the engineering strain are obtained by dividing the
load and elongation by constant values (specimen geometry information),
the load-elongation curve will have the same shape as the engineering
stress-strain curve. The stress-strain curve relates the applied stress to the
resulting strain and each material has its own unique stress-strain curve.
A typical engineering stress-strain curve is shown below. If the true
stress, based on the actual cross-sectional area of the specimen, is used, it
is found that the stress-strain curve increases continuously up to fracture.
Obs. No. Type of fibre Minimum weight required to break the fibre (in gram)
From the observations, it is clear that the tensile strength
Of the given samples of different fibres are
in the decreasing order.
