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Language Acquisition Theories and Stages: A Comprehensive Overview, Exams of English Language

Polytechnic University of the Philippines (PUP)English Language

Theory, Theorist, and stages of Acquisition Theory

Typology: Exams

2021/2022

Available from 11/15/2022

RKCCKR
RKCCKR 🇵🇭

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Renz Kristian L. Caagbay
BSEDEN 1-1
Professor Teresita Cariño
PERFORMANCE TASK 5
Language Acquisition
Language acquisition is the process by which we can develop and learn a language. Our
ability to acquire language is a uniquely human trait because no species on Earth that we
know of can express an unlimited number of abstract ideas with a limited set of symbols
(gestures. words. and sounds). The term language acquisition often refers to the first-
language acquisition, which simply means that it's the first language learned as an infant
(unless the child learns two or more languages at the same time). However, there is also the
term second language acquisition, which refers to the process in both children and adults
when they learn additional languages apart from their native one. Each of these terms has at
least one language acquisition theory behind them which seeks to answer the big question of
"how do we learn a language?"
Nativist Theory
The nativist theory of language acquisition became very popular in the late 20th
century through Noam Chomsky who claimed that language is an innate faculty. This
language acquisition theory argues that there is a theoretical device known as the
language acquisition device (LAD) that is somewhere in our brain. This theory also
suggests that there is a universal grammar (a theory by Noam Chomsky) that is shared
across every language in the world because universal grammar is part of our genetic
makeup. The nativist theory is a biologically based theory, which argues that humans
are pre-programmed with the innate ability to develop language. The theory holds that
children learn their mother's tongue through their natural ability to organize the laws
of language but are only able to fully utilize this talent with the aid of other humans.
However, this does not mean that the child requires any kind of formal teaching.
The Sociocultural Theory
The sociocultural theory, also known as the interactionist approach, takes ideas from
both biology and sociology to interpret our language acquisition. The sociocultural
theory is a psychological theory that explores the relationships between external and
internal processes. The theory focuses on the creation and usage of mediating toots
that play a role in how humans think. it helps create a framework that facilitates
systematically investigating cognition, keeping in mind the social context. Human
development is viewed as a socially mediated process that varies from culture to
culture. Lev Vygotsky, a Russian literary critic, educator, and psychologist is known
as the father of sociocultural theory. According to him, social interaction is the source
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Download Language Acquisition Theories and Stages: A Comprehensive Overview and more Exams English Language in PDF only on Docsity!

Renz Kristian L. Caagbay

BSEDEN 1-

Professor Teresita Cariño

PERFORMANCE TASK 5

Language Acquisition

Language acquisition is the process by which we can develop and learn a language. Our ability to acquire language is a uniquely human trait because no species on Earth that we know of can express an unlimited number of abstract ideas with a limited set of symbols (gestures. words. and sounds). The term language acquisition often refers to the first- language acquisition, which simply means that it's the first language learned as an infant (unless the child learns two or more languages at the same time). However, there is also the term second language acquisition, which refers to the process in both children and adults when they learn additional languages apart from their native one. Each of these terms has at least one language acquisition theory behind them which seeks to answer the big question of "how do we learn a language?"

 Nativist Theory

The nativist theory of language acquisition became very popular in the late 20th century through Noam Chomsky who claimed that language is an innate faculty. This language acquisition theory argues that there is a theoretical device known as the language acquisition device (LAD) that is somewhere in our brain. This theory also suggests that there is a universal grammar (a theory by Noam Chomsky) that is shared across every language in the world because universal grammar is part of our genetic makeup. The nativist theory is a biologically based theory, which argues that humans are pre-programmed with the innate ability to develop language. The theory holds that children learn their mother's tongue through their natural ability to organize the laws of language but are only able to fully utilize this talent with the aid of other humans. However, this does not mean that the child requires any kind of formal teaching.

 The Sociocultural Theory

The sociocultural theory, also known as the interactionist approach, takes ideas from both biology and sociology to interpret our language acquisition. The sociocultural theory is a psychological theory that explores the relationships between external and internal processes. The theory focuses on the creation and usage of mediating toots that play a role in how humans think. it helps create a framework that facilitates systematically investigating cognition, keeping in mind the social context. Human development is viewed as a socially mediated process that varies from culture to culture. Lev Vygotsky, a Russian literary critic, educator, and psychologist is known as the father of sociocultural theory. According to him, social interaction is the source

of learning and development which is not found solely in the mind of an individual. Humans can be studied or understood only as a part of society, culture, or history and not in isolation. The various social interactions of a child influence his/her personal characteristics and social skills. Therefore, the sociocultural environment in which development takes place also influences its form.

 The Learning Theory

This language acquisition theory looks at language learning as learning a new skill and that we learn the language much in the same way that we learn how to count or how to tie shoes via repetition and reinforcement. This language acquisition theory, logical as it may be, fails to explain how new phrases and new words form since it's all about repeating and mimicking what people hear from others. Learning theory describes how children receive, process, and retain knowledge during learning, cognitive, emotional, and environmental influences, as well as prior experience, all play a part in how understanding, or a world view, is acquired or changed, and knowledge and skills retained. Moreover. it explains the different ways people learn by focusing on the internal and external influences that affect the learning process.

Stages of Acquisition Theory

The first few years of a child's life are critical for language learning. Between 10-18 months, a child will say their first words and before they reach two years old will be able to say some simple, short phrases (for example, "water, please"). Studies have shown that an 18-month- old can tell the difference between correct verbs and incorrect verb pairs. For example, they should know that "is jumping" is correct while “will jumping" isn't. Between the ages of four and seven. kids become more and more able to tell understandable stories. Normally, everyone goes through five stages of acquiring a language.

Stage I: Pre-production

This first stage is also known as the silent period. Although a child may have up to 500 words in their receptive vocabulary (words they’ve learned from watching and listening as babies do). They can’t speak yet. Some kids try to mimic and "parrot you" by repeating everything you say. This is the stage when kids listen attentively and respond to visual and auditory stimuli. They can understand and duplicate movements and gestures to show their comprehension. However, at this stage, repetition is critical for their phonemic awareness.

Stage II: Early Production

Stage II can last up to six months. During this stage, kids will develop a vocabulary of about 1,000 words and can say one or two phrases. They use short bits of language that they have memorized, but these bits might not be used correctly.