Environmental Chemistry: Introduction and Topics Covered in Chem 3400, Papers of Chemistry

An introduction to environmental chemistry, a multifaceted field that studies the sources, reactions, transport, effects, and fates of chemical species in water, soil, and air environments. Topics covered include air pollution, toxic chemicals, water pollution, and waste management. The document also discusses the historical perspective of solving pollution problems and the concept of green chemistry.

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Uploaded on 08/03/2009

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Chem 3400
Environmental Chemistry
Chapter 0:
Introduction to
Environmental Chemistry
Chem 3400 Chapter 00 2
Introduction
What is environmental chemistry? This question is a
little difficult to answer because Environmental
Chemistry encompasses many different topics. It may
involve a study of Freon reactions in the stratosphere or
an analysis of toxic deposits in ocean sediments. It also
covers the chemistry and biochemistry of volatile and
soluble organometallic compounds biosynthesized by
anaerobic bacteria.
Environmental Chemistry is the
study of the sources, reactions, transport,
effects, and fates of chemical species in water,
soil, and air environments
."
- Stanley E. Manahan. 1991. Environmental Chemistry,
Fifth edition.
Chem 3400 Chapter 00 3
Introduction
definition of “chemical
chemical (synthetic) vs. chemical substance
(natural)
negative connotation to the public
chemical n(1747): a substance (as an
element or chemical compound) obtained
by a chemical process or used for
producing a chemical effect
Webster’s Ninth New Collegiate Dictionary
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Chem 3400

Environmental Chemistry

Chapter 0:

Introduction to

Environmental Chemistry

Chem 3400 Chapter 00 2

Introduction

“ What is environmental chemistry? This question is a

little difficult to answer because Environmental

Chemistry encompasses many different topics. It may

involve a study of Freon reactions in the stratosphere or

an analysis of toxic deposits in ocean sediments. It also

covers the chemistry and biochemistry of volatile and

soluble organometallic compounds biosynthesized by

anaerobic bacteria.Environmental Chemistry is the

study of the sources, reactions, transport,

effects, and fates of chemical species in water,

soil, and air environments."

  • Stanley E. Manahan. 1991. Environmental Chemistry,

Fifth edition.

Chem 3400 Chapter 00 3

Introduction

‡ definition of “ chemical ”

„ chemical (synthetic) vs. chemical substance

(natural)

„ negative connotation to the public

‡ chemical n (1747): a substance (as an

element or chemical compound) obtained

by a chemical process or used for

producing a chemical effect

„ Webster’s Ninth New Collegiate Dictionary

Chem 3400 Chapter 00 4

Introduction

‡ low level contamination - how is health

affected?

„ jury still out; why?

‡ effects likely subtle and difficult to detect

‡ debate among scientists

„ carcinogens in nature vs. synthetic chemicals

‡ little harm vs. great deal of harm

‡ attempt to be objective in this course

Chem 3400 Chapter 00 5

Topics Covered

‡ Air

„ processes, species of interest, prevention/abatement ‡ Chapters 2-

‡ Toxic chemicals

„ organic chemicals, heavy metals ‡ Chapters 6-

‡ Water

„ natural processes, pollution, remediation ‡ Chapters 8-

‡ Waste management

„ control, safeguards ‡ Chapter 10

Chem 3400 Chapter 00 6

Solving Pollution Problems

‡ historically thought that chemicals emitted into

environment would be assimilated

„ detoxify or diluted

‡ in the 60s and 70s became clear many synthetic

chemicals persist

„ DDT, CFCs, carbon dioxide, toxic forms of mercury „ concentrate within living organisms „ result in banning of many chemicals

‡ toxic byproducts

„ dioxin produced when wood pulp bleached and in production of pesticides and wood preservatives

Chem 3400 Chapter 00 10

Look at Complete Process

‡ cradle-to grave analysis of pollutants

„ example: paper cup vs. plastic (polystyrene)

cup

‡ making paper cup causes more pollution ƒ mainly because paper is bleached

Chem 3400 Chapter 00 11

Some Interesting Web Sites

‡ Natural Resources Defense Council

„ http://www.nrdc.org/

‡ Environmental Defense

„ http://www.getgreen.com/

‡ E, The Environmental Magazine

„ http://www.emagazine.com/

‡ Almanac of Policy Issues: Environment

„ http://www.policyalmanac.org/environment/

‡ CIA -The World Factbook: Environment

„ http://www.cia.gov/cia/publications/factbook/fields/ 2.html