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Lesson 1: Operating System.
Introduction
There are two kinds of software: the System Software which includes the Operating System and Applications Software.
Applications Software
Also called user programs, pieces of applications software do the specific things you want. Example Ms Word, Ms Excel, Ms Acess, Ms Powerpoint. (Ms refers to Microsoft.)
Operating System
Modern general-purpose computers, including personal computers and mainframes, have an operating system to run other programs, such as application software. Examples of operating systems for personal computers include Microsoft Windows, Mac OS (and Darwin), UNIX, and Linux.
Abbreviated OS, An operating system (OS) is a software program that manages the hardware and software resources of a computer. The OS performs basic tasks, such as controlling and allocating memory, prioritizing the processing of instructions, controlling input and output devices, facilitating networking, and managing files.
Operation Windows operating system.
Filing system
All data on a computer is stored in collections called file s and folder s.
Files
Files are the most basic data collections, they store the data for a single thing. A file is the most basic collection of data on a computer. A file can store the instructions for a single program, or the data for a single letter. Folders are collections of files. So a file is like a piece of paper and you put it in a folder.
Folders
Also called directories, folders are collections of files.
Filing system operations.
These are operations that can be performed on existing file/folders. These operations includes copying, deleting, moving and renaming.
Storage Devices
Primary storage
Primary storage, or internal memory, is computer memory that is accessible to the central processing unit of a computer without the use of computer's input/output channels. Primary storage is used to store data that is likely to be in active use. Primary storage is typically very fast, in the case of RAM which is also volatile, losing the stored information in an event of power loss, and quite expensive. ROM is not volatile, but not suited to storage of large quantities of data because it is expensive to produce. Typically, ROM must also be completely erased before it can be rewritten, making large scale use impractical, if not impossible. Therefore, separate secondary storage, or external memory, is usually required for long-term persistent storage.
Secondary storage
In computer storage, secondary storage, or external memory, is computer memory that is not directly accessible to the central processing unit of a computer, requiring the use of computer's input/output channels. Secondary storage is used to store data that is not in active use. Secondary storage is usually slower than primary storage, or internal memory, but also almost always has higher storage capacity and is non-volatile, preserving the stored information in an event of power loss. Storage devices in this category include:
- CD, CD-R, CD-RW
- DVD
- Flash memory
- Floppy disk
- Hard disk
- Magnetic tape
- Paper tape
ren Renames a directory. The command ren ict gceict will rename a directory (or folder) called ict as gceict rmdir Removes a directory. The command rmdir ict /s will remove a directory (or folder) called ict and all the files that it contains.
Graphical User Interface.
It is an interface that Allows the use of icons or other visual indicators to interact with electronic devices, rather than using only text via the command line. For example, all versions of Microsoft windows operating Systems and Application Software.
