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Session Two: Programming paradigms
2.1 Session Objectives
By the end of this session, you should be able to:
- Explain the concept of programming paradigms
- Identify the typical four programming paradigms
- Explain the paradigms
2.2 Programming Paradigms/Techniques
The term programming paradigm refers to a style of programming.
There exist several programming languages but all of them need to follow some
strategy when they are implemented.
- Structured programming
- Unstructured programming
- Object-oriented programming
- Event-driven programming
- Web script programming
- Logic Programming
2.2.1 Structured programming:
Large routines are broken down into small modules then debug and test them, then integrated to form a system.
The programming paradigm aims at improving:-
Object-oriented programming has four basic concepts. Object Abstraction inheritance polymorphism.
2.2.4 Event-driven programming
It involves writing codes that responds to certain events. Events can be:- a. Mouse events -Double click
- Right click -Left click -Drag and drop
Object A Object B
Communication
DATA
FUNCTION
DATA
FUNCTION
Object
FUNCTION
DATA
b. Keyboard events -Key down -Key up -Key press
• C#
- Delphi programming languages
2.2.5 Web script
Scripting languages came about largely because of the development of the Internet as a communications tool.
They are used to develop web sites (internet pages).
Examples:
- JavaScript
- ASP JSP
- PHP
- Perl
- Tcl
- HTML (hypertext markup language)
- Python
2.2.6 Logic Programming They are used to develop expert system. Logic programming allows a program to model a problem by declaring what outcome the program should accomplish, rather than how it should be accomplished.
Sometimes called rule-based languages, since the program’s declarations look more like a set of rules, or constraints on the problem, rather than a sequence of commands to be carried out.
2.0 Session Summary
A programming paradigm is a pattern of problem solving thought that underlies a particular genre of programs and languages. Four distinct and fundamental programming paradigms have evolved
over the last three decades: Structured programming, Unstructured programming, Object-oriented programming, Event-driven programming, Web script programming, Logic Programming
2.1 Student Activity
a) What is a program paradigm?
b) Discuss the categories of programming paradigm.
2.2 Further Readings/References
i. Kernighan, B. W., & Ritchie, D. M. (2014). The C programming language (2nd ed.).
Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice-Hall PTR. ISBN: 0131103628.
ii. Perry, G. R., & Miller, D. (2013). Absolute beginner's guide to C Programming (3rd
ed.). Indianapolis, Indiana: Que Publishing. ISBN: 0789751984.
iii. Graham, D. L. (2016). C programming language: a step-by-step beginner's guide
to learn C programming in 7 days. NY, USA: CreateSpace Independent Publishing
Platform. ISBN: 1534679707.
