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‘a Life Processes V.S. Tuition Centre =u: @ Processes : é Totrophic py tion — a oe | There are & bes of Qu of Sakis taht 8 nviben, ee ne bach: Lege gree plants, alg at Cynnales loTo AT! , T Ton | AvToTRopHie No ti 190) : Ore > peice : VTO TROPHIC QuTRITION + Tn thls Aye 9 eee : Mee . tray deri ed from Chem tak frachons M8: wie aeher ia) trie 4 Biology ition c,, . Life Processes V.S. Tuition Ce \ HETEROTROPIC NUTRITION .~ ollows this mod: h uy ~ ante ‘of nutrition E.g, Amoeba, Tapeworm, lice Paramecium Htrbi vores (plant eaters ) Carmivares ( (lush eaters) Demnivores Ceahoy 6CO, 4+ 6H,0 _ Sunlight CoH120, 4 60, Carbon Dioxide Water Chlorophyll carbohydrate" oxygen presence of green coloured pigm It occurs only in those cells which possess the green colour plastids called chloroplasts, occur in mesophyll cells that occupy the space between upper and lower epidermis, ent called “Chlorophyll” ¥ MAT S FOR PHC NT * Carbon Dioxide: Plants ob tain Cartion dioxide from surrounding with the help of sto; * Water: Plants absorb wate: T from soil through roots. 2 Biology Life Processes Nutrition in. Amoeba: The mode of nutrition on amoeba is holozoic and the Itinvolves the following steps :- Ingestion, Digestion, Assimilation and Egestion Pseudopodia Egestion Assimilation ADsorption . Patudopedia presets through gre projections ale pseudo Pseudopodia present outside its body and helps in taking food along with water Ts * Digestion: Rood vacuoles are made after ingesting the food. Enaymnes are released in the food vacuole for digestion. Absorption: After digestion, i nutrition enters ‘the cytoplasm through osmosis. ¢ Assimilation: Nutrients are utilized by th ° e cell for various Purposes, Egestion: Food vacuole goes near the cell membran to This result in the expulsion 1 eto empty its contents outside the cel of waste material from the cell, MECHANISM OF DIGESTION FOOD: Ri se ae Life Processes V.S. Tuition Centre ? carbohydrates digestion initiates inside mouth. Starch is converted into simple sugar by : salivary amylase. Protiens are converted into peptones with the help of pepsin and renin. Break down of emulsified fats bv linase scopes Y Formation of amino acid, glucose and fatty acids with the help of pancreatic and intestinal juices. Cennaneeeneeeeseescneees ode eeeeeeseesnsseceerenes eenenecaseaas’ Oren ¢ Absorption: The process of absorption of digested food is called absorption. © Assimilation: The process of utilization of digested food, for energy and for growth and repair is called assimilation « Egestion: The process of removal undigested food from the body is known as egestion. Nutrition in Humans: -~ ive system comprises | imentary canal a ind associated digestive glands . ALIMENTARY CANAL: It is a long tube extending from mouth to anus. The tube has different S that are specialize to perform different functions. * Mouth: It is the uppermost opening of human digestive system which gives passage for ingestion of food. It is guarded by two soft movable lips and opens into a chamber called buccal cavity. s| (ae nmemeei Life Processes iy .S. Tuition Centre giology By stomach: aa aI ETIEEYY Gal — ~ shaped and widest part of the alimentary ca nal. i is located in the upper part of _ thick and contain gastric gland which mach is highly muscular, abdominal. The wall of sto pear three types of cells. a) Peptic cells secretes digestive enzyme irietal cell:- Secrets Hcl ~ s cell:- Secret mucus and mucus protects the inner lining of stomach from the cid under normal conditions. action ofa a (ON OF HCL ~ ee ; creates an acidic medium for the action of protein digestive enzyme — pepsin sent in the food. bacteria pre tive pepsinogen into active pepsin. a) It b) It kills harmful c) It converts inac' th and 25cm in diameter mall intestine: ~~ It is the longest part of aalimentary canal and is about 6m in leng It is divisible into three parts:- um:- It is the proxim a al part of the small intestine . It receives the opening of while a pancreatic duct. junum:- It is the mid c) eum - It is the distal and hi b re the fin er like dle and highly coiled part of the small intestine. ghly coiled part of the Intestine. projection present the small intestine. d food material. face area for absorption of digeste' 5 the absorb food to each & every lied with blood vessels which take a)It increases the sur’ b)Villi are richly supp cell of the body Where it is utilized for obtaining energy building up new tissue and repair of old tissues. lete digestion of carbohydrates, protein, and fats. c)Small Intestine is the site of comp! euspasaneneenas h contain cellulose in the cell’: the gut nepsvsssenasynerosenensaapeasuavenmegaracseeseee tt aeeaae JYNoTE: Herbivorous consume producers like plants whic Digestion of cellulose in the gut takes a longer time and hence, i wall of their cells. ] herbivore is longer than of carnivorous. wy E veers ife Processas Biology Life Processes Meri Cainivore lerbivare — * Large Intestines“ } "Small Intestine leads into a large intestine (5 fee ) alt mall hough shorter but itis called _ large intestine because it is wider ind ‘ameter than small intestine. It is divisible into thre Parts :Caecum, Colon and Rectum, peau ia terminal part and broad chamber ike structure that serves to store faucal ‘matter temporarily, Itabsorbs excess water from the undigested food release mucus and : ingestion of waste material. _The waste material is removed from t 'm the body via anus the exit of waste mater erial is y anal phincten; 1 phinc helps NDS * Salivary Glands: Salivary glands secrete saliva which performs the digestion of carbohydrates Saliva contains salivary amylase enzyme which about 7. It is due to this sal converts starch in to Blucose at an optimum pHo something we like. ivary gland that our mouth waters when we eat or smell a] 
