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LIFE-SPAN DEVELOPMENT FINAL
(STRAIGHTERLINE) QUESTIONS AND
ANSWERS 100% VERIFIED.
Development - correct answer pattern of change beginning at conception and continuing throughout the life span Ex: growth and decline Life-span perspective - correct answer involves growth, maintenance, and regulation. average life expectancy - correct answer 79 years culture - correct answer interactions, behavior patterns, beliefs, and all other products of a group passed on from generation to generation cross-cultural studies - correct answer comparing aspects of cultures to gain information about their developmental similarities ethnicity - correct answer Based on cultural heritage, nationality characteristics, race, religion, and language
socioeconomic status - correct answer grouping of people with similar occupational, educational, and economic characteristics gender - correct answer characteristics of people as males, females, or transgender, and sociocultural challenges social policy - correct answer a national government's course of action designed to promote the welfare of its citizens biological processes - correct answer changes in an individual's physical nature cognitive processes - correct answer changes in an individual's thought, intelligence, and language socioemotional processes - correct answer changes in an individual's relationships, emotions, and personality prenatal period - correct answer conception to birth infancy - correct answer birth to 18 to 24 months
third age - correct answer Approximately 60 to 79 years of age fourth age - correct answer Approximately 80 years and older normal aging - correct answer describes most individuals with psychological functioning peaking early middle age pathological age - correct answer describes individuals with above average decline in early old age, developing a condition leading to mild cognitive impairment successful aging - correct answer describes individuals maintaining positive physical, cognitive, and socioemotional development longer in life. nature vs nurture - correct answer organisms biological inheritance vs environmental experiences Freudian development: oral stage - correct answer birth to 1.5 years; infant's pleasure centers on the mouth freudian development: anal stage - correct answer
1.5 to 3 years; child's pleasure focuses on the anus freudian development: phallic stage - correct answer 3 to 6 years; child's pleasure focuses on the genitals freudian development: latency stage - correct answer 6 years to puberty; child represses sexual interest and develops social and intellectual skills freudian development: genital stage - correct answer puberty onward; a time of sexual reawakening: source of sexual pleasure becomes someone outside the family erikson' psychosocial theory for human behavior - correct answer motivation for behavior is social in nature sensorimotor stage - correct answer birth to 2 to 3 years;
- infants coordinate sensory experiences with physical actions to construct an understanding of the world
- infants progress from reflexive, instinctual action at birth to the beginning of symbolic thought toward the end of the stage preoperational stage - correct answer 2 to 7 years:
- the child begins to represent the world with words and images. these words and images reflect increases symbolic
down syndrome - correct answer a form of intellectual disability caused by an abnormality in the 21st chromosome Klinefelter syndrome - correct answer A chromosomal disorder in which males have an extra X chromosome, making them XXY instead of XY. fragile x syndrome - correct answer sex-linked disorder causing an abnormality in the X chromosome Turner Syndrome - correct answer A chromosomal disorder in females in which either an X chromosome is missing, making the person XO instead of XX, or part of one X chromosome is deleted. XYY syndrome - correct answer A chromosomal disorder in which males have an extra Y chromosome. embryonic period - correct answer occurs 2 to 8 weeks after conception babies are born with ____ to ___ billion neurons - correct answer 20 to 100
neurogenesis - correct answer the formation of new neurons neuronal migration - correct answer the movement of neurons to specialized regions of the brain apgar scale - correct answer assesses the health of newborns at 1 and 5 minutes after birth preterm infants - correct answer born before 37 weeks low birth weight infants - correct answer weighs less than 5.5 lbs at birth cephalocaudal pattern - correct answer growth that proceeds from the head downward proximodistal pattern - correct answer the sequence in which growth starts at the center of the body and moves toward the extremities frontal lobes - correct answer voluntary movement, thinking, personality, and intentionality, or purpose
information retention - correct answer baby recalls relationship between behavior and stimulus habituation - correct answer decreased responsiveness to a stimulus after repeated presentations of the stimulus dishabituation - correct answer increase in responsiveness after a change in stimulation broca's area - correct answer speech production Wernicke's area - correct answer language comprehension primary emotions - correct answer present in humans and other animals and emerge early in life self-conscious emotions - correct answer require self-awareness, especially consciousness and a sense of "me" easy child - correct answer generally in a positive mood, quickly establishes regular routines, adapts easily to new experiences
difficult child - correct answer reacts negatively and cries frequently, engages in irregular daily routines, slow to accept change slow to warm up child - correct answer low activity level, somewhat negative, displays a low intensity of mood phase of attachment: 1 - correct answer from birth to 2 months, infants direct their attachment to human figures phase of attachment: 2 - correct answer from 2 to 7 months, attachment becomes focused on one figure phase of attachment: 3 - correct answer from 7 to 27 months, specific attachments develop. with increased locomotion, babies actively seek contact with regular caregivers phase of attachment: 4 - correct answer from 24 months on, children become aware of others' feelings and goals and account for them in their own actions immanent justice - correct answer
social play - correct answer involves interaction with peers constructive play - correct answer combines sensorimotor/practice play with symbolic representation games play - correct answer activities that are engaged in for pleasure and have rules self-esteem - correct answer global evaluations of the self self-concept - correct answer domain-specific evaluations of the self Kohlbergs level 1: preconventional reasoning stage 1: heteronomous morality - correct answer moral decisions are based on fear of punishment, children obey because adults tell them to kohlbergs level 1: preconventional reasoning stage 2: individuals, instrumental purpose, and exchange - correct answer
individuals pursue their own interests but let others do the same. what is right involves equal exchange kohlbergs level 2: conventional reasoning stage 3: mutual interpersonal expectations, relationships, and interpersonal conformity - correct answer trust, caring, and loyalty to others valued as a basis for moral judgments kohlbergs level 2: conventional reasoning stage 4: social system morality - correct answer moral judgments based on understanding, social order, law, justice, duty kohlbergs level 3: postconventional reasoning stage 5: social contract or utility and individual rights stage 6: universal ethical principles - correct answer morality is intentional constructivist approach - correct answer learner-centered approach emphasizes the importance of individuals actively constructing their own knowledge and understanding with guidance from a teacher direct instruction approach - correct answer a structured, teacher-centered approach characterized by teacher direction and control, high teacher expectations for
imaginary audience - correct answer adolescent's belief that others are as interested in them as they themselves are Old model of parent-adolescent relationships - correct answer autonomy; detachment from parents; parent and peer worlds are isolated; intense, stressful new model of parent-adolescent relationships - correct answer Attachment and autonomy; parents are important support systems and attachment figures; adolescent-parent and adolescent-peer worlds have some important connections Moderate parent-adolescent conflict is common and can serve a positive developmental function; conflict greater in early adolescence Dating and Romantic Relationships in Adolescence - correct answer
- entry into romantic attractions and affiliations at about 11 to 13 years of age
- exploring romantic relationships at approximately 14 to 16 years of age
- consolidating dyadic romantic bonds at about 17 to 19 years of age intimacy vs isolation - correct answer intimacy is finding oneself while losing oneself in another person, failure results in social isolation
Intimacy vs. Independence - correct answer balance between intimacy and commitment, and independence and freedom consummate love - correct answer strongest form of love infatuation - correct answer passion, no intimacy or commitment affectionate love - correct answer combination of intimacy and commitment, no passion fatuous love - correct answer passion and commitment without intimacy
