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At about what age do infants begin to send intentional and purposeful messages via babbling and gesturing? a. 3 months b. 6 months c. 10 months d. 2 years old c. 10 months intentional and purposeful switch from perlocutionary to illocutionary Tommy is 7 months old and recently began babbling. He produces chains such as "mama" and "dada". What type of babbling is Tommy demonstrating? a. Variegated babbling b. Reduplicated babbling c. Cooing d. None of the above b. Reduplicated babbling CVCV syllable chains Previous Play Next Rewind 10 seconds Move forward 10 seconds Unmute 0: / 0: Full screen Brainpower Read More At about what age do typically developing children have about 200-300 words in their expressive vocabulary? a. 12 months b. 18 months c. 24 months
Medical SLP - Praxis Practice Questions
Best Answers 202 5 - 2026
d. 3 years old c. 24 months By 3 months old, typically developing infants may consistently do which of the following: a. Follow 1-step directions b. Cry for basic needs c. Look when name is called d. Quiet in response to noise e. B and C f. B and D F. B and D cry for basic needs and quiet/smile in response to sound Jen understands simple opposites and questions. Her mother reports that Jen is constantly asking "why?" Based upon typical development, what age is Jen closest to? a. 8 months old b. 12 months old c. 2 1/2 years old d. 4 years old c. 2 1/2 years old 2 - 3 years old A 78 year old female is reporting loss of taste. Findings from her videofluoroscopy reveal age-related changes. Which of the following treatment would you recommend? a. Modified diet b. Oral motor exercises c. Pharyngeal strength exercises d. No speech therapy indicated d. No speech therapy indicated Because age related changes, not dysphagia Contractible auxiliary is a later developing morpheme. which of the following sentences contains an example of contractible auxiliary? a. Daddy's jumping up and down b. It's hot in the summer c. Are you going? d. None of the above b. Daddy's jumping up and down Daddy's
Which of the following grammatical morphemes are acquired first in typically developing children? a. Present progressive - ing b. Possessive 's c. Regular plural - s d. A and C d. A and C present progressive - ing acquired by 27-30 months, stage II Which language theory is based upon the belief that children learn language through conditioning? (i.e. stimulus-response drives acquisition) a. Semantic theory b. Behavioral theory c. Social interactionism d. Cognitive theory b. Behavioral theory Skinner The mechanics of breathing are very important for speech. The diaphragm contracts and the thoracic cavity expands during which phase of respiration? a. Inhalation b. Exhalation c. Both d. Neither a. Inhalation Alex's mom reports that Alex is making mistakes pronouncing some speech sounds. Particularly, she has noticed difficulty with words that begin with 'k, m, and g'. Alex is 5 years old. What would you recommend for Alex? a. A complete SLP evaluation b. Oral motor exercises c. Nothing, this normal for his age d. Language therapy a. A complete SLP evaluation further testing warranted prior to treatment recommendation Identify the phoneme described based on the following distinctive features: +voice, +labiodental, +fricative a. /f/ b. /v/
c. /s/ d. A and B b. /v/ Identify the phoneme described based on the following distinctive features: +voiceless, +alveolar, +stop a. /s/ b. /d/ c. /t/ d. None of the above e. All of the above c. /t/ Which manner of articulation is made by complete vocal tract closure followed by a sudden release of constriction? a. Fricative b. Stop c. Affricate d. Liquid b. Stop Which of the following vowels is characterized as a high front vowel in the english language? a. /u/ b. /o/ c. /i/ d. /e/ e. None of the above c. /i/ In the word "make" the first vowel sound can be transcribed by which of the following diphthongs? a. /al/ b. /ei/ c. /au/ d. /ea/ e. None of the above b. /ei/ When conducting a phonetic analysis, a clinician looks to identify sounds that the child
a. Uses whether correct or incorrect b. Uses correct only c. Distorts
c. Phonetic placement d. Maximal oppositions d. Maximal oppositions A child that exhibits consistent, few errors and has only one or two sounds missing from his or her inventory would benefit from which treatment approach? a. Phonetic treatment approach b. Phonemic treatment approach c. Either d. Neither a. Phonetic treatment approach To innervate a muscle, the brain sends signals down via which motor neurons? a. Efferent neurons b. Afferent neurons c. Rostral neurons d. Dendrites a. Efferent neurons (efferent= exit - down) - GET THE EFF OUT The cranial nerves are composed of 12 pairs of nerves and belong to the __________ nervous system? a. Central b. Autonomic c. Somatic d. Peripheral d. Peripheral Sally recently suffered a stroke. Her balance and coordination present as if she is drunk. Based on these symptoms, which type of stroke did Sally most likely have? a. Brainstem stroke b. Left MCA c. Cerebellar stroke d. None of the above c. Cerebellar stroke Which type of fiber connect regions of the cerebral cortex within each hemisphere? a. Projection fibers b. Association fibers c. Commissural fibers d. Seperation fibers e. All of the above
b. Association fibers Which cranial nerve innervates (unilaterally) all intrinsic muscles of the tongue and all but one extrinsic muscle? a. CN XI b. CN IX c. CN XII d. CN V c. CN XII Hypoglossal Cranial nerve IX (Glossopharyngeal) is a motor nerve, a sensory nerve, or both? a. Motor b. Sensory c. Neither d. Both motor and sensory e. It varies person to person d. Both motor and sensory Which cranial nerve controls movement of certain neck muscles and innervates the Sternoclidomastoid muscle? a. Vagus nerve b. Accessory nerve c. Facial nerve d. Trigeminal nerve e. A and B b. Accessory nerve (XI) Which cranial nerve is characterized as both motor and sensory and is responsible for the sensation of food residuals in the larynx, pharynx, and/or esophagus? a. Accessory nerve b. Vagus nerve c. Flossopharyngeal nerve d. Facial nerve b. Vagus nerve Which organ at the top of the neck is responsible for breathing, sound production, and aspiration prevention? a. Thyroid gland b. Parathyroid gland c. Larynx d. Pharynx
b. Systematic review of multiple randomized control studies An influenza epidemic that began last month may cause a spike in new cases. The occurrence of new cases of a disease in a population over a specific period of time refers to _________. a. Prevalence b. Incidence c. Both d. Neither b. Incidence incidence is a measure of occurrence of new cases Which cranial nerve is responsible for the motor function of mastication? a. Abducens nerve b. Trigeminal nerve c. Vagus nerve d. Trochlear nerve e. None of the above b. Trigeminal nerve A ___________ type of assessment is used to identify what the client can and cannot do. This assessment type may or may not be standardized. a. Norm-referenced b. Informal assessment c. Criterion-referenced d. None of the above e. All of the above c. Criterion assessment Which type of validity measures the degree to which a new test correlates with an established test of known validity? a. Concurrent validity b. Criterion validity c. Content validity d. Predictive validity a. Concurrent validity By 48 months, a child's speech is about ______% intelligible a. 80% b. 50% c. 100% d. 75%
c. 100% Ankyloglossia may be an organic articulation or phonological disorder. Ankyloglosia is a medical term for what? a. Cleft palate b. Tongue spots c. Enlarged tongue d. Tongue tie d. Tongue tie After conducting a language sample on a conversational language user (e.g. an older child) what pragmatic component may be used to evaluate 'complete ties'? a. Conversational repairs b. Cohesive adequacy c. Eye contact d. Attention e. All of the above b. Cohesive adequacy Children who present with stuttering-like disfluencies are likely to recover completely up until about what age? a. 3 years old b. 9 years old c. 6 years old d. 2.5 years old c. 6 years old Eye movements, twitching, and phonation breaks are over examples of ________ behaviors. a. Core behaviors b. Secondary behaviors c. Primary behaviors d. None of the above b. Secondary behaviors Muscle tension dysphonia is a condition that occurs as a result of inappropriate use of the muscles around the larynx. Which etiology would muscle tension dysphonia be classified as? a. Neurogenic b. Organic c. Functional d. None of the above a. Functional
A new admission s/p hip fracture with baseline dementia is added to the SLP caseload. Each day during therapy, the patient completes a puzzle independently for 30 minutes. Which of the following best describes this therapy scenario? a. Responsive training b. Spaced retrieval therapy c. Not skilled therapy c. Not skilled therapy not functional and not skilled Reduplication and denasalization are examples of which type of typical phonological processes? a. Assimilation processes b. Substitution processes c. Syllable structure processes d. Metathesis a. Assimilation processes ___________ is a perturbation measure of frequency instability. a. Shimmer b. Jitter c. Harmonics d. Fundamental e. None of the above f. A and B b. Jitter Jitter=frequency Shimmer=amplitude When referring to speech sound disorders, which of the following are examples of traditional 'SODA' errors? a. Substitutions b. Assimilations c. Omissions d. A and C e. A,B, and C d. A and C The child was evaluated by the same test twice, first with form A and again with form B. The scores of both tests should be consistent based on what concept? Which accounts for the stability between multiple forms of the same test.
a. Concurrent validity b. Split-half reliability c. Alternate-form reliability c. Alternate-form reliability Classifying errors based on voice, place, and manner of articulation relates to what system of speech sound disorders? a. Traditional SODA system b. Distinctive features c. Phonological processes d. None of the above b. Distinctive features Jimmy is a 3 year old and is substituting fricatives for affricates. For example, he says "ship" instead of "chip". Which phonological process is Jimmy demonstrating? a. Backing b. Deaffrication c. Stopping d. Depalatalization b. Deaffrication Which of the following phonological processing errors is a-typical? a. Fronting b. Final consonant deletion c. Gliding d. Backing e. A, B, and C f. none of the above d. Backing Select which of the following statements best describes a typical developing 1st grader. a. Learning to read b. Reading to learn c. Learning to write d. Learning concepts such as colors a. Learning to read first we learn to read; around 4th/5th grade switch to read to learn Omissions of past tense - ed, omissions of possessive - s, and "f" substitutions for voiceless 'th' in the final position of words are examples of errors most likely related to which of the following? a. Language disorder
c. Anoxia Disfluent speech, intact repetition skills, and impaired writing are characteristics of which type of aphasia? a. Broca's aphasia b. Wernicke's aphasia c. Transcortical sensory aphasia d. Transcortical motor aphasia e. None of the above f. A and B d. Transcortical Motor Aphasia A 79 year old female, was admitted to the hospital with left sides neglect, facial droop, and slurred speech. After 72 hours her symptoms cleared and she was discharged. Sandra most likely sustained which of the following: a. Large ishemic CVA b. Parkinson's disease c.. Transient Ischemic Attack (TIA) c. Transient Ischemic Attack (TIA) Broca's aphasia is another term for which of the following types of aphasia? a. Nonfluent aphasia b. Fluent aphasia c. Conduction aphasia d. Global aphasia e. None of the above a. Nonfluent Hyperkinetic dysarthria is associated with damage to what site? a. Cerebellum b. Upper motor neuron c. Basal ganglia d. Lower motor neuron e. All of the above c. Basal ganglia Tongue fasciculations, slow and slurred diadochokinetic rates, and a breathy vocal quality are all examples of symptoms of which type of dysarthria? a. Spastic b. Ataxic c. Hyperkinetic d. Flaccid d. Flaccid
Barbara, and 82 year old female, reports to her doctor that she is experiencing frozen gait, trouble with her short term memory, tremors, and increased difficulty swallowing. Which of the following may best describe Barbara's symptoms? a. Anoxia b. Huntington's disease c. Parkinson's disease c. Parkinson's disease Jen suffered a cerebellar stroke and her husband describes her speech as sounding "drunk" and "inebriated". What type of dysarthria does Jen likely have? a. Spastic dysarthria b. Hyperkinetic dysarthria c. Flaccid dysarthria d. Ataxic dysarthria d. Ataxic dysarthria Following a screen, you suspect that a patient has dysarthria. What is important to include in the assessment process? a. Oral facial motor exam b. Cranial nerve assessment c. Diadochokinetic rates d. All of the above d. All of the above What type of muscle is the palatoglossus muscle? a. Intrinsic tongue muscle b. Extrinsic tongue muscle c. Laryngeal muscle d. Tracheoesophageal muscle e. None of the above f. All of the above b. Extrinsic tongue muscle _________ describes a breathing technique focused on relaxation and includes a slow, deep breath through your nose as your stomach expands outward and concludes with a slow exhale through your lips as your stomach moves inward. a. Shallow breathing b. Clavicular breathing c. Diaphragmatic breathing c. Diaphragmatic breathing Which of the following is an example of a speech treatment technique that focuses on over emphasizing articulatory movements to improve intelligibility?
c. Zenker's diverticulum Downgrading a patient's diet to puree textures is an example of what type of dysphagia treatment? a. Sensory b. Compensatory c. Maneuver d. Muscle strengthening b. Compensatory Holding the larynx is an elevated position while swallowing is a component of which swallowing maneuver? a. Supraglottic swallow b. Mendelson c. Super supraglottic swallow d. Effortful swallow e. None of the above b. Mendelson The nurse reports "coughing, wet vocal quality, and shortness of breath" on your new patient that had a stroke last week. Which of the following is the best plan? a. Refer for instrumental test prior to seeing the patient b. Complete bedside exam first, refer for instrumental testing if appropriate c. Recommend NPO b. Complete bedside exam first, refer for instrumental testing if appropriate Which of the following best describes the etiology of stuttering? a. Premature babies b. Genetics c. Multiple systems involved: genetics, environmental, abnormalities in phonatory system d. Environmental cause c. Multiple systems involved: genetics, environmental, abnormalities in phonatory system At what age does treatment for stuttering shift to management of symptoms? a. 3 years old b. 7 years old c. 18 years old d. Treatment should always be about management symptoms b. 7 years old Which of the following is an organic, structural voice disorder?
a. Muscle tension dysphonia b. Puberphonia c. Vocal fatigue d. Vocal polyps e. None of the above d. Vocal polyps The following sentence exhibits what type of disfluency? Example: My mmmmouth is wwwwatering when I look at that sandwhich a. Whole phrase repetition b. Sound prolongation c. Part word repetition d. Frequency interjections c. Part word repetition The fluency principle that focuses on changing the way one stutters is best described as which of the following? a. Stuttering modification b. Speech modification c. Using prompts to communicate d. None of the above a. Stuttering modification Which of the following is a relaxation technique aimed to minimize tension of vocal hyper-function and improve pitch? a. Yawn-sigh b. Resistance training c. Over-articulation d. Yoga a. Yawn-sigh Which of the following list of frequencies are tested during pure tone audiometry? a. 50,100, 200, 400, 600, and 800 b. 250, 500, 1000, 2000, 4000, 8000 c. 100, 500, 800, 1000, 3000 d. 250, 400, 800, 1000, 2000, 6000 b. 250, 500, 1000, 2000, 4000, 8000 Which configuration of hearing loss is characterized by air conduction thresholds for low frequencies that are at least 20 dB poorer than high frequencies? a. Flat b. Precipitous
