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Understanding Validity, Measurement, and Causation in Research, Quizzes of Political Science

Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University (Virginia Tech)Political Science

Definitions and explanations of key concepts in research methodology, including validity, measurement levels, theory, dependent and independent variables, conceptualization and operationalization, matching, triangulation, inductive and deductive approaches, causation criteria, and various research designs and sampling methods.

Typology: Quizzes

2013/2014

Uploaded on 03/17/2014

laxwf88
laxwf88 🇺🇸

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TERM 1
Validity
DEFINITION 1
How accurate the result is.
TERM 2
4 Ways to Evaluate Validity
DEFINITION 2
1. Face Validity2. Content Validity3. Construct Validity4.
Criterion Validity
TERM 3
Face Validity -
DEFINITION 3
Simply ask the question. Common sense
TERM 4
Content Validity-
DEFINITION 4
We ask the question have we covered all possible dimensions
of the constructs content
TERM 5
Construct Validity-
DEFINITION 5
Based on logical relationships
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Validity

How accurate the result is. TERM 2

4 Ways to Evaluate Validity

DEFINITION 2

  1. Face Validity2. Content Validity3. Construct Validity4. Criterion Validity TERM 3

Face Validity -

DEFINITION 3 Simply ask the question. Common sense TERM 4

Content Validity-

DEFINITION 4 We ask the question have we covered all possible dimensions of the constructs content TERM 5

Construct Validity-

DEFINITION 5 Based on logical relationships

Criterion Validity

we ask the question is there a standard or a benchmark that is a known indicator of a concept TERM 7

4 Levels of Measurement

DEFINITION 7 1.Norminal2. Ordinal3. Interval4. Ratio TERM 8

Norminal Measurement

DEFINITION 8 Least mathmatically precise- variables whose attributes are simply different from one another. Names + labels for characteristics TERM 9

Ordinal Measurement

DEFINITION 9 More precise. Variables with attributes we can logically rank/order. Example: social classes Example: They are MORE religious than they are. TERM 10

Interval Measurment

DEFINITION 10 A variable whose attributes are also ranked/ordered, but the actual distance separating them is important. Example: IQ tes, different scores/rank is important.

Operationalization

The refinement and specialization of abstract concepts Development of specified research procedures. TERM 17

Matching

DEFINITION 17 When similar subjects are matched based on similar variables. Half of the subjects go into experimental group, half go into the controlled group. TERM 18

Triangulation

DEFINITION 18 Technique that facilitates validation of data by using two or more methods Cross-verification TERM 19

Inductive Approach

DEFINITION 19 General principles are developed from specific observations TERM 20

Deductive Approach

DEFINITION 20 Moves from general principles to specific.Specific expectations of hypothesis are developed on the basis of general principles.

5 Criterion for establishing

causation

  1. 2 variables have to vary together2. Must be an appropriate time order3. Must be a nonspurious relationship (relationship between independent and dependent variables must not be caused by a 3rd intervening variable.)4. Must be able to identify the causal mechanism (what is it about A that causes B).5. Context of causation. TERM 22

Attribute Vs. Variable- define both

DEFINITION 22 Attribute is a characteristic or quality of something.Variables are logical sets of attributes. TERM 23

cross-sectional research vs. longitudinal

research

DEFINITION 23 Cross Sectional- Collects data for all variables using only 1 sample at 1 point in time. Majority of social sciences is cross- sectionalLongitudinal- Data collected at multiple points in time. Real purpose is to engage change over time. TERM 24

Burrell's and Morgan's 4

Paradigms

DEFINITION 24 FunctionalismInterpretiveRadical HumanistRadical Structuralist TERM 25

4 types of probability Sampling:

DEFINITION 25

  1. Simple Random2. Systematic Random3. Stratified Random4. Multistage Clustering