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Rocamora, Christine Angel R.
BS Psychology III
MW 12:00 - 1:
07-12-
Journal Article 1: The Influence of Misogynous Rap Music on Sexual Aggression against Women Christy Barongan and Gordon C. Nagayama Hall Kent State University
Barongan, C., & Hall, G. C. N. (1995). The Influence of Misogynous Rap Music on Sexual Aggression against Women. Psychology of Women Quarterly.
Summary
In this study, Barongan and Hall (1995) focused on the effects of misogynous rap music in facilitating sexually aggressive behavior in males. This is inclined with the idea that such of these cognitive distortions are significant in acquaintance rapes (Koss, 1985; Yegidis, 1986; Koss, Gidycz & Wisniewski, 1987, as cited in Barongan & Hall, 1995). Previous related studies such as Hill and Hirschman's (1991) have concerned themselves with pornographic materials (magazines & movies) and how these would help induce negative connotations towards women. Given that there have not been many studies focusing on the effects of the lyrical aspect of songs and that rap music is more commercially available than other pornographic materials, this study seeks to know if misogynous rap music entails negative consequences to the women confederates in the laboratory setting. After the experiment, it was deduced that the effects of misogynous rap music towards facilitating sexually aggressive behavior is significant, which supports the idea that cognitive distortions does affect sexually aggressive behavior.
Introduction: Most Important Information
Misogyny is one of the many subtle messages brought about by contemporary media (Barongan & Hall, 1995). One of the most misogynist forms of media, pornography, has its own fair share of subconscious effects on its audience, highlighting here the male population. In fact, according to the empirical studies of Sommers and Check (1987), it has been noted that the partners of battered women view pornographic content more often than the partners of non-battered women. Also, according to Malamuth and Check (1985), watching pornographic media has contributed to the ideology that women, after all, enjoy forced sex. Data as such highly support the claim of the significant negative effects of subtle or superficial messages of misogyny in media.
Variables and Hypothesis
The main hypothesis of this study states that misogynous rap music greatly affects a male's sexually aggressive behavior towards women. The variables of the study are type of rap music (misogynous, neutral), gender of the experimenter (male, female) and how the participants viewed or liked the music they listened to (liking misogynous rap music, liking neutral rap music).
Measures
The first variable, music, served as a primer for this study. The assessment for these rap songs was based on its lyrics. For instance, in the misogynous condition the participants were made to listen to songs which often blurted out the words "bitch" and "hoes", and most of which suggested that women enjoyed forced sex. After exposing the participants to the primer, they were made to watch 3 video clips of the movie I Spit on Your Grave which mainly suggested these 3 aspects: (1) neutral, (2) sexual-violent, (3) assaultive. The participants were then asked to choose what video clip to show to the female confederates of the study. The participants' choice of video clip to show the confederates is how the effect of the type of rap music was measured. The second variable, the gender of the experimenter, was assessed through a chi-square analysis. The third variable, how the participants liked the music, was measured in a 5-point Likert scale
participants' or the perpetrators' intentions may be. The findings gathered in the current study were in line with that of the study of Hill and Hirschman (1994).
Suggestions
Personally, I think that it would have been more fitting if the participants weren't college students since mostly middle-aged married gentlemen were more notably involved with misogyny. Nevertheless it was already explained in the study as to why they chose college students so this suggestion is for those future studies.
