Comparison of Mixed Methods Strategies: Sequential, Concurrent, and Nested Approaches - Pr, Study notes of Humanities

An overview of different mixed methods strategies used in research, including sequential explanatory, sequential exploratory, sequential transformative, concurrent triangulation, concurrent nested, and concurrent transformative strategies. Each strategy is described in terms of its stages, strengths, weaknesses, and purposes. From a university course css 506, taught in the fall of 2008.

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Uploaded on 08/19/2009

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Mixed Methods Strategies
CSS 506
Fall 2008
October 13, 2008
Sequential Explanatory Strategy (separate stages)
-Collect & analyze QUAN
-Collect & analyze quan
-Integrated during interpretation phase
-May or may not have theoretical perspective
-Purpose: use qual to assist in explaining and interpreting the QUAN
-Useful with unexpected QUAN results – qual examines in detail
-Strength: separate stages in design, description, reporting
-Weakness: length of time b/c of 2 separate stages (esp if equal emphasis)
Sequential Exploratory Strategy (2 stages)
-Priority in 1st stage
-Collect & analyze QUAL
-Collect & analyze quan
-Integrated during interpretation phase
-May or may not have theoretical perspective
-Quan assists interpretation of QUAL
-Purpose: explore a phenomenon (determine the distribution of a
phenomenon within a chosen population); grounded theory (testing
elements of an emergent theory so that it can be generalized); developing
and testing new instrument (psychometrics)
-Strength: separate stages in design, description, reporting
-Weakness: length of time b/c of 2 separate stages; can be difficult to bild
from the QUAL analysis to quan data collection
Sequential Transformative Strategy (2 stages)
-Either method used first, either priority or equal emphasis
-Results integrated during interpretation phase
-Theoretical perspective drives research not just methods
-Purpose: employ the methods that will best serve the theoretical
perspective (give voice to diverse perspectives, advocate for participants,
better understand phenomenon or process that is changing as a result of
being studied)
-Strength: separate stages in design, description, reporting
-Weakness: length of time b/c of 2 separate stages (esp if equal emphasis)
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Mixed Methods Strategies CSS 506 Fall 2008 October 13, 2008 Sequential Explanatory Strategy (separate stages)

  • Collect & analyze QUAN
  • Collect & analyze quan
  • Integrated during interpretation phase
  • May or may not have theoretical perspective
  • Purpose: use qual to assist in explaining and interpreting the QUAN
  • Useful with unexpected QUAN results – qual examines in detail
  • Strength: separate stages in design, description, reporting
  • Weakness: length of time b/c of 2 separate stages (esp if equal emphasis) Sequential Exploratory Strategy (2 stages)
  • Priority in 1st^ stage
  • Collect & analyze QUAL
  • Collect & analyze quan
  • Integrated during interpretation phase
  • May or may not have theoretical perspective
  • Quan assists interpretation of QUAL
  • Purpose: explore a phenomenon (determine the distribution of a phenomenon within a chosen population); grounded theory (testing elements of an emergent theory so that it can be generalized); developing and testing new instrument (psychometrics)
  • Strength: separate stages in design, description, reporting
  • Weakness: length of time b/c of 2 separate stages; can be difficult to bild from the QUAL analysis to quan data collection Sequential Transformative Strategy (2 stages)
  • Either method used first, either priority or equal emphasis
  • Results integrated during interpretation phase
  • Theoretical perspective drives research not just methods
  • Purpose: employ the methods that will best serve the theoretical perspective (give voice to diverse perspectives, advocate for participants, better understand phenomenon or process that is changing as a result of being studied)
  • Strength: separate stages in design, description, reporting
  • Weakness: length of time b/c of 2 separate stages (esp if equal emphasis) 1

Concurrent Triangulation (one stage)

  • 2 methods in attempt to confirm, cross-validate, or corroborate findings within one study.
  • Methods offset weaknesses of other method
  • Ideally, priority is equal but not always practical
  • Integrates results during interpretation phase: convergence strengthens knowledge claims or explains lack of convergence
  • Strength: familiar; well-validated and substantiated findings; shorter data collection than 2 stage studies
  • Weakness: great effort and expertise to study phenomenon with 2 methods; difficulty comparing the results b/c of different methods; unclear how to resolve discrepancies in findings between methods Concurrent Nested Strategy (one stage)
  • Predominant method that guides project (lesser is embedded or nested, which can address a different question or seek information at a different level)
  • Data mixed during analysis phase
  • Purposes: broader perspective than one method (embedded quan can enrich description of the sample participants; embedded qual describe aspect of quan that can’t be quantified); one within a framework of the other (e.g., conduct experiment as case study of different treatments)
  • Strengths: shorter data collection; both quan and qual; gain multiple perspectives from different types of data or different levels within study
  • Limitations: data must be transformed to be integrated within analysis phase; little written guidance; unclear how to resolve discrepancies in findings between methods; unequal evidence b/c of priority of one method makes it difficult to interpret results Concurrent Transformative Strategy (one stage)
  • Specific theoretical perspective drives research (critical theory; advocacy; participatory research; or a conceptual or theoretical framework)
  • Purpose: theoretical perspective drives all methodological choices (problem definition, design and data source identification, analyzing, interpreting, reporting results throughout process)
  • Choice of model (triangulation or nested) facilitates theoretical perspective
  • Equal or unequal priority during single collection stage
  • Integration most often during analysis phase (but can be during interpretation phase)
  • Strengths: transformative framework; shorter data collection; both quan and qual; gain multiple perspectives from different types of data or different levels within study
  • Limitations: data must be transformed to be integrated within analysis phase; little written guidance; unclear how to resolve discrepancies in findings between methods; unequal evidence b/c of priority of one method makes it difficult to interpret results 2