Download NASM Key Terms-------------------NASM Key Terms and more Exams Advanced Education in PDF only on Docsity!
NASM Key Terms
Chapter 1 - correct answer Deconditioned - correct answer A state of lost physical fitness which may include muscle imbalances, decreased flexibility, and a lack of core and joint stability. Muscle imbalance - correct answer Alteration of muscle length surrounding a joint Musculoskeletal system - correct answer The combined, interworking system of all muscles and bones in the body. Obesity - correct answer The condition of being considerably overweight; a person who has a BMI of at least 30 or is at least 30 pounds over the recommended weight for his or her height. Scope of practice - correct answer The actions, procedures, and processes that a professional is allowed to undertake in keeping with the terms of the professional's license or credential. Chapter 2 - correct answer Best practices - correct answer Professional procedures that are considered to be correct, safe, or most effective. Continuing education. - correct answer Any of a variety of course offerings that serve the purpose to keeping professionals up to date with their knowledge and skills. Continuing education unit (CEU) - correct answer A measure used in continuing education courses that is designed for professionals to maintain a certification or licensure.
Mentor - correct answer A trusted advisor in a specific area. Special population - correct answer Individuals who will require modifications or specialized training. Chapter 3 - correct answer Adduction - correct answer A body segment is moving toward the midline of the body. Anatomic position - correct answer Standard posture wherein the body stands upright with the arms beside the trunk, the palms face forward, and the heads face forward. Biomechanics - correct answer The study of how force affect a living body. Concentric activation - correct answer The production of an active force when a muscle develops tension while shortening length Corrective exercise - correct answer The programming process that identifies neuromuscular dysfunction, develops a plan of action, and implements a corrective strategy as a part of an exercise training program. Eccentric function - correct answer Action of a muscle when it is generating an eccentric contraction. Extension - correct answer A bending at a joint where the relative angle between two adjoining segments increases. Flexion - correct answer A bending at a joint where the relative angle between two adjoining segments decreases.
Tempo - correct answer The amount of time that muscle is actively producing tension during exercise movements. Underactive - correct answer Referring to the state of having disrupted neuromuscular recruitment patterns that lead a muscle to be relatively less active during a joint acting. Chapter 4 - correct answer Agonist - correct answer Muscles that works as the prime mover of a joint exercise. Altered reciprocal inhibition - correct answer Process by which a short muscle, a tight muscle, and/or myofascial adhesions in the muscle cause decreased neural drive of its functional antagonist. Antagonists - correct answer Muscles that oppose the prime mover. Cardiorespiratory system - correct answer System of the body composed of the cardiovascular and respiratory systems. Cardiovascular system - correct answer System of the body composed of the heart, blood, and blood vessels. Cumulative injury cycle - correct answer A cycle whereby an injury will induce inflammation, muscle spasm, adhesion, altered neuromuscular control, and muscle imbalances. Muscle imbalance can lead to more inflammation and the cycle repeats, Golgi tendon organs (GTOs) - correct answer Receptors sensitive to the change in tension of the muscle, and the rate of that change. Kinetic chain - correct answer The combination and interrelation of the actions of the nervous, muscular, and skeletal systems to create movement.
Mechanoreceptors - correct answer Sensory receptors responsible for sensing distortion in body tissues. Motor behavior - correct answer Motor response to internal and external environmental stimuli. Motor control - correct answer How the central nervous system integrates internal and external sensory information with previous experiences to produce a motor response. Muscle spindles - correct answer Receptors sensitive to change in length of the muscle, and the rate of that change. Nervous system - correct answer A conglomeration of billions of cells specifically designed to provide a communication network within the human body. Pattern overload - correct answer Repetitive physical activity that moves through the same patterns of motion, placing the same stresses on the body over time. Posture - correct answer Position and bearing of the body for alignment and function of the kinetic chain. Proprioception - correct answer The cumulative sensory input to the central nervous system from all mechanoreceptors that sense body position and limb movements Reciprocal inhibition - correct answer The simultaneous contraction of one muscle and the relaxation of its antagonist to allow movement to take place. Respiratory system - correct answer System of the body composed of the lungs and respiratory passages that collect oxygen from the external environment and transport it to the bloodstream. Stabilizers - correct answer Muscles that minimize unwanted movement while the agonist and synergists work to provide movement at the joint.
Dietary Reference Intakes (DRIs) - correct answer A general term for a set of reference values used to plan and assess nutrient intakes of healthy individuals. Electrolytes - correct answer Minerals in blood and other body fluids that carry an electrical charge. Ergogenic aids - correct answer Supplements used to benefit athletic performance or exercise. First law of thermodynamics - correct answer Energy can neither be created or destroyed, only transferred from one form to other Kilocalorie - correct answer A unit of energy equal to 1,000 calories. It is the amount of heat energy required to raise the temperature of a kilogram or liter of water by 1 degree celsius Lipids - correct answer A group of compounds that includes triglycerides (fats and oils), phospholipids, and sterols. Macronutrients - correct answer Nutrients that provide calories Metabolism - correct answer All of the chemical reactions that occur in the body that are required for life. It is the process by which nutrients are acquired, transported, used, and disposed of by the body. Protein - correct answer Long chains of amino acids linked by peptide bonds. Serve several essential functional roles in the body. Recommended Dietary Allowance (RDA) - correct answer Estimated amount of a nutrient per day considered necessary for good health. Chapter 6 - correct answer
Active - correct answer isolated stretching-Flexibility exercises in which agonists move a limb through a full range of motion, allowing the antagonists to stretch. Acute variables - correct answer The components that specify how each exercise is to be performed. Agility - correct answer The ability to maintain center of gravity over a changing base of support while changing direction at various speeds. Autogenic inhibition - correct answer The process by which neural impulses that sense tension are greater than the impulses that cause muscles to contract, providing an inhibitory effect to the muscle. Balance - correct answer Ability to maintain the body's center of gravity within its base of support. Dynamic stretching - correct answer Multiplanar extensibility with optimal neuromuscular control through a full range of motion Function - correct answer Integrated, multiplanar movement that involves acceleration, stabilization, and deceleration General adaptation syndrome (GAS) - correct answer How the kinetic chain responds and adapts to imposed demands. How the body responds and adapts to stress. Hypertrophy - correct answer Enlargement of skeletal muscle fibers in response to overcoming force from high volumes of tension. Integrated performance paradigm (stretch shortening cycle) - correct answer A forceful cycle of muscle contraction that involves eccentric loading of the muscle, isometric muscle contraction, and concentric muscle contraction.
V̇D O2max - correct answer The highest rate of oxygen transport and utilization achieved at maximal physical exertion. Chapter 7 - correct answer Ancillary revenue - correct answer Revenue beyond the sale of memberships and services generated by the direct sale of products to customers. Demographics - correct answer Statistical date relating to the population and the particular groups in it. Driver of sales - correct answer Activities that create opportunities for future sales. Operations - correct answer Activities involved in the day to day functions of a business that do not directly generate revenue. Profit center - correct answer A part of an organization with assignable revenues and costs, and hence ascertainable profitability Psychographics - correct answer The study of personality, values, opinions, attitudes, interests, and lifestyles. Top line - correct answer A company's overall sales or revenues, before any discounts or returns. Turn key - correct answer A complete product or service that is ready for immediate use. Chapter 8 - correct answer Body composition - correct answer The relative percentage of body weight that is fat versus fat free tissue
Body mass index (BMI) - correct answer A rough assessment metric based on the concept that a person's weight should be proportional to his or her height. Carotid pulse - correct answer Pulse obtained from the carotid artery of the neck Commitment - correct answer The state or quality of being dedicated to a cause or activity. Complementary goods and services - correct answer Goods and services that are similar and share a beneficial relationship with another product or service offering, but are not viewed by the consumer as an alternative or direct competition. Diastolic pressure - correct answer The bottom number of a blood pressure measurement that represents the pressure within the arterial system when the heart is resting and filling with blood. Forecasting - correct answer Process whereby trainers and/or managers apply specific percentages based on previous performance to predict future sales or other measurable outcomes, such as sessions serviced. Leads - correct answer Individuals who have shown a certain level of interest in personal training services New business - correct answer A new client who has purchased personal training services as a result of the fitness professional's prospecting activities Objective assessments - correct answer Assessments that address observations that can be directly measured and quantified by the fitness professional Open ended question - correct answer A question that cannot be answered with a simpler yes or no. It gives ths person answering the scope to provide more detailed information.
Functional efficiency - correct answer The ability of the neuromuscular system to perform functional tasks with the least amount of energy, decreasing stress on the body's structure Knee valgus - correct answer The process where the knees move forward and in, known as "knock knees" Kyphotic curve - correct answer Outward curvature of the thoracic spine by which the spine is bent forward. Lower crossed syndrome - correct answer A postural distortion syndrome characterized by an anterior tilt to the pelvis (arched lower back) Overhead squat assessment - correct answer A transitional movement assessment designed to assess dynamic flexibility, core strength, balance, and overall neuromuscular control. Postural distortion patterns - correct answer Common postural malalignments and muscle imbalances that individuals develop based on a variety of factors. Pronation distortion syndrome - correct answer A postural distortion syndrome characterized by foot pronation(Flat feet) and adducted and internally rotated knees(Knock knees) Relative flexibility - correct answer The human movement systems way of finding the path of least resistance during movement. Relaxin - correct answer Hormone produced during pregnancy that loosens and softens ligaments. Scapular winging - correct answer The scapula protrudes from the back in an abnormal position.
Single leg squat assessment - correct answer A transitional assessment performed on one leg to assess dynamic flexibility, core strength, balance, and overall neuromuscular control. Symmetry - correct answer Proportion and balance between two items or two sides. Transitional movement assessment - correct answer A type of assessment that evaluates dynamic posture. Upper crossed syndrome - correct answer A postural distortion syndrome characterized by a forward head and rounded shoulders Chapter 10 - correct answer Competitive season - correct answer The period that consists of regulated games or competitions of a particular sport; the period of time featuring the most competitive activity Exercise selection - correct answer The process of choosing exercises that allow for achievement of the desired adaption. Fitness coaching - correct answer The application of various behavior change and communications strategies with clients that leads to increased accountability and motivation, thus supporting their desire to achieve fitness goals. Hypertrophy training - correct answer The chronic enlargement of muscles Linear periodization - correct answer Classic or traditional strength and power programming that begins with high volume, low intensity training and progresses toward low volume, high intensity training. Load - correct answer The amount of weight lifted or resistance used during training.
Davis' law - correct answer Soft tissue will align along the lines of stress that are placed upon it. Fascia - correct answer A web of connective tissue that wraps and surrounds muscle fibers, bones, nerves, and blood vessels. The myofascial systems covers individual muscles as well as connecting groups of larger muscles together. Horizontal loading - correct answer Performing all sets of an exercise or body part before moving on to the next exercise or body part. Movement preparation - correct answer The systematic implementation of flexibility, core, balance, reactive, and SAQ training principles prior to completing the remaining majority portion of the workout. Muscular endurance - correct answer A muscle's ability to contract for an extended period. The ability to produce and maintain force production over prolonged periods of time Proprioception - correct answer The ability to recognize bodily movement and position Time under tension (TUT) - correct answer The amount of time from the beginning of one resistance training set to the end without breaking. Timed hold - correct answer An acute variable where the requirement is to hold a specific pose or posture for a specified period of time. Training duration - correct answer Length of workout from beginning to end. Amount of time spent in a particular phase of training. Training frequency - correct answer The number of training sessions performed during a given period usually a week.
V̇ ertical loading - correct answer Circuit applied to more conditioned clients allowing alternating body parts to be trained from set to set, starting from the upper extremity and moving to the lower extremity with little to no rest in between Chapter 12 - correct answer Concurrent training - correct answer Training designed to maintain or improve multiple fitness components in the same training phase. Diminishing returns - correct answer As the systems of the body become more developed, the rate of improvement in fitness slows. Exercise tolerance - correct answer Increased ability to perform more exercise in less time without undue fatigue or exercise soreness. Maintenance - correct answer Sustaining developed levels of muscular fitness without improvement. Metabolic conditioning - correct answer Exercise that improves effective and efficient energy storage and delivery for physical activity. Motor unit activation - correct answer Increased recruitment of motor units and/or recruitment of motor units rapidly and repeatedly Muscle coordination - correct answer Complex neurological control of motor units, ensuring effective contraction and relaxation of muscle tissue across agonist and antagonist muscle groups. Muscular failure - correct answer A training approach that involves the completion of as many reps as possible until the individual is unable to complete a repetition due to fatigue Neural drive - correct answer The frequency of activation signals sent to muscle fibers via motor neurons.
Proprioceptors - correct answer Sensors in muscles and tendons that provide information about joint angle, muscle length, and muscle tension. (muscle spindles, GTOs) Superset - correct answer One exercise immediately followed by other exercise with no rest. Training age - correct answer Refers to the number of years a client has been training. A 12 year old client who started training at 9 years old would have a training age of 3, whereas a 23 year old who started training at age 22 would have a younger training age of 1. Chapter 14 - correct answer Barbells - correct answer Common free weight modality found in most gyms. Allows for greater amounts of resistance through the addition of plates. Useful for high load training in exercises such as squats, deadlifts, and bench presses. Bodyweight exercise - correct answer Form of resistance training where the source of resistance is the weight of the body. Cable resistance machines - correct answer Machine that offers protection and ease of load adjustments without a fixed movement path through the use of a cable. Calisthenics - correct answer A form of bodyweight training that uses rhythmic full body movements. Cardiac rehabilitation - correct answer A specialized medical process that helps individuals suffering from various cardiac conditions to return to full function and fitness. Corporate fitness - correct answer Implementation of health and fitness programming by a fitness professional within a company structure.
Cueing - correct answer V̇ erbal and nonverbal communication used to evoke an action response from participants. Dumbbells - correct answer Common handled free weight modality found in most gyms. Beneficial when coordination and mobility are desired during an exercise. Dyspnea - correct answer Difficulty or troubled breathing. Extended healthcare providers - correct answer Professionals in the healthcare system such as physicians, physical therapists, and cardiac rehabilitation therapists who provide specialized guidance to patients suffering from various physical illnesses or impairments. Fixed - correct answer isolated machines -Resistance training machines that provide a fixed range of motion Free weights - correct answer Unrestricted objects of various weights that can be used as resistance for exercise movements. Functional movements - correct answer Movements based on real world biomechanics and activities Heart palpitations - correct answer Heart flutters or rapid beating of the heart. Heart rate variability - correct answer V̇ ariations in the time interval between heartbeats. Kettlebell - correct answer A cast iron, cannonball like weight with a handle used to perform ballistic exercises. Medicine ball - correct answer An implement used to add external resistance to bodyweight exercises and for reactive exercises such as rotational throws.
