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Natural Selection Simulation, Exercises of Biology

Biology

AP Biology, DVP, Lab answers, Lake Central High School

Typology: Exercises

2022/2023

Uploaded on 11/18/2025

madison-southard
madison-southard 🇺🇸

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Name:__________________________________________
Natural Selection Simulation at PHET
http://phet.colorado.edu/simulations/sims.php?sim=Natural_Selection (biol.co/2wolf2)
**Exploration of the Simulation
Access the simulation and explore the settings. Answer the following questions.
1. What are some VARIABLES that you have control over in the simulation?
You can control the mutations and the environmental factors.
2. What happens to the bunny population if a friend is never added? What happens when you
add a friend?
The bunny will not produce offspring and eventually die off. When you add a friend more
bunnies appear.
3. What happens when you add food as a selection factor?
When you add food, the population continues to grow, but when you limit food they start to
die off.
4. What is the difference between the arctic and equator environment?
The arctic environment is white because of the snow and the equator environment is
brown
5. What is a genetic mutation? What are the three mutations you can add to your bunny
population? Genetic mutation is when DNA sequences are changed and the physical traits
shown are different. Three mutations are the color of fur, the type of ears, and their teeth.
Experiment A - How is the fur color trait influenced by natural selection?
6. Hypothesis: Natural selection will favor traits that ...
Keep the population alive.
How to run the simulator:
Madison Southard
pf3

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Name:__________________________________________

Natural Selection Simulation at PHET

http://phet.colorado.edu/simulations/sims.php?sim=Natural_Selection (biol.co/2wolf2)

**Exploration of the Simulation

Access the simulation and explore the settings. Answer the following questions.

  1. What are some VARIABLES that you have control over in the simulation? You can control the mutations and the environmental factors.
  2. What happens to the bunny population if a friend is never added? What happens when you add a friend? The bunny will not produce offspring and eventually die off. When you add a friend more bunnies appear.
  3. What happens when you add food as a selection factor? When you add food, the population continues to grow, but when you limit food they start to die off.
  4. What is the difference between the arctic and equator environment? The arctic environment is white because of the snow and the equator environment is brown
  5. What is a genetic mutation? What are the three mutations you can add to your bunny population? Genetic mutation is when DNA sequences are changed and the physical traits shown are different. Three mutations are the color of fur, the type of ears, and their teeth.

Experiment A - How is the fur color trait influenced by natural selection?

  1. Hypothesis : Natural selection will favor traits that ... Keep the population alive. How to run the simulator:
  1. Add a friend and a brown fur mutation to the bunny population, let the experiment continue to its conclusion.
  2. Start over and add brown fur mutation (with friend) but add a selection factor of wolves when your bunnies start to get overpopulated. Let the experiment run until you have a clear idea of what is happening with the rabbit and wolf populations.
  3. Change the settings so that you still have brown fur mutations but this time remove the wolves and make the selection factor be food. Let the experiment run until you have a clear idea of what is happening within the population.
  4. Reset and change the settings so that you have brown fur mutation in an arctic environment, use wolves as your selection factor.
  1. Based on the four simulations you ran, describe what happened to your population and answer the experimental question, consider what happens in both environments and what happens when there are no predators. Question: How is the fur color trait influenced by natural selection? Be sure to include the kind of selection that has the most influence (predators or food) and explain why. Provide evidence from the simulation to support your conclusions. Fur color trait is influenced by natural selection. The wolves ate the bunnies that stood out in the environment. The bunnies that stayed alive had the trait that kept them alive. Then to a point, the unfavored trait was bred out.

Experiment B - How is tooth length influenced by natural selection?

  1. Following the guidelines from Experiment A, determine when long teeth provide an advantage to the bunny population. Run simulations in a variety of settings. Question: How is tooth length influenced by natural selection? Be sure to include the kind of selection that has the most influence (predators or food) and explain why. Provide evidence from the simulation to support your conclusions. Tooth length is influenced by natural selection when the tough food environmental factor is included. When the bunnies didn’t have teeth to eat through the tough food, they died off eventually because they couldn’t eat. But the bunnies that could eat through the tough food because of their teeth, continued to reproduce more offspring with teeth.

Post-Lab Analysis