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ASSIGNMENT FRONT SHEET
Qualification BTEC Level 5 HND Diploma in Computing Unit number and title Unit 2: Networking Infrastructure Submission date 28/12/2021 Date Received 1st submission Re-submission Date Date Received 2nd submission Student Name Le Duy Long Student ID GCD Class GCD1001 Assessor name Dang Quang Hien Student declaration I certify that the assignment submission is entirely my own work and I fully understand the consequences of plagiarism. I understand that making a false declaration is a form of malpractice. Student’s signature Long Grading grid
P1 P2 P3 P4 P5 P6 P7 P8 M1 M2 M3 M4 D1 D2 D
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P1 Discuss the benefits and constraints of different network types and standards.
- Define network.
- There are three categories of network components: 1 .End Devices: Some examples of end devices are: Computers (workstations, laptops, file servers, web servers) Network printers VoIP phones Security cameras Mobile handheld devices (such as smart phones, tablets, PDAs, and wireless debit / credit card readers and barcode scanners) 2 .Intermediary network devices are: Network Access Devices (switches, and wireless access points) Internetworking Devices (routers) Security Devices (firewalls) 3 .Network Media: Wireless media, LAN Media and WAN Media
- Network type (MAN, WAN, LAN etc.)
- The two most common types of network infrastructures are:
a/Local Area Network (LAN): LANs are a network that design in a small geographical area. b/Wide Area Network (WAN). are a network that design in a large geographical area. WANs are managed by service providers (SPs) or Internet service providers (ISPs). Other types of networks include: Metropolitan Area Network (MAN), Wireless LAN (WLAN), and Storage Area Network (SAN)
- Benefit of the network (Cisco Press)
- Networks support the way we learn: Networking is great for sharing ideas and knowledge. Whether it’s asking for feedback or discussing your point of view, it will help you expand your knowledge and allow you to see things from another perspective.
- Networks support the way we communicate: Changes in network communications have enabled friends, families, and businesses to communicate in ways that could only be imagined by previous generations.
- Networks support the way we work: In the business world, data networks were initially used by businesses to internally record and manage financial information, customer information, and employee payroll systems.
- Networks support the way we play: the Internet is used for traditional forms of entertainment. We listen to recording artists, preview or view motion pictures, read entire books, and download material for future offline access. Live sporting events and concerts can be experienced as they are happening or recorded and viewed on demand.
- Constraint of the network 1/Network design are existing factors that cannot predicted how they impact in architecture and functional requirements. There are some common constrains have a significant effect on network. 2/Cost: we need to consider how much we invest to design the network.
5/The Domain Network System (DNS) protocol helps Internet users and network devices discover websites using human-readable hostnames, instead of numeric IP addresses. 6/The Internet Control Message Protocol (ICMP) is a network layer protocol used by network devices to diagnose network communication issues. P2. Network topology & communication and Bandwidth requirements
- Network topology definition and discuss the Impact of topology Topology diagrams are compulsory rules for technician working with a network. It provides a visual map of how the network is connected. There are two types of topology diagrams: Physical topology diagram: Identifies the physical location of intermediary devices, configured ports, and cable installation. Logical topology diagram: Identifies devices, ports, and the IP addressing scheme, as shown on the right in.
- Examples of topology with diagrams (Mesh, Star, Bus, Ring, Tree, Hybrid) There are six types of topologies in computer networks: Mesh, Star, Bus, Ring, Tree, Hybrid Types Definition Illustration Advantages Disadvantages
Mesh Each device is connected to every other device on the network through a dedicated point-to point link. No data traffic issues reliable and robust Mesh topology is secure Taking too much wires connecting. Amount I/O ports is huge. Star Each device in the network is connected to a central device (hub). Less expensive Easier to install Less cables required If hub goes down everything goes down Resources and regular maintenance for hub Bus All the devices connecting the main cable through a line. Easy installation Less cables required Difficultly in fault detection. there is a limit of how many nodes you can connect with backbone cable. Ring each device is connected with the two devices on two sides of it. Easy installation. Easy to add or remove a device A link failure can fail the entire network Data traffic issues,
i. A One-to-One: referred to as unicast. The message only sent one single destination. ii. One-to-many: referred to as a multicast. The same message to a group of host destinations simultaneously. iii. A One-to-all : referred to as broadcast. The same messages sent to the destinations at the same time. c/Message Formatting and Encapsulation: before messages sent over the network, it will encapsulate in specific format – a frame. The frame like the envelope that contained the letters in. Frames have a specific destination address and source address. d/Message Timing: three are three statuses: access method, flow control and respond time out. When the data wait in the queue that cannot process to the host, the actions will response as the timeout. e/Message Size: Long messages must also be broken into smaller pieces to travel across a network. Each piece is sent in a separate frame which has its own addressing information.
- Bandwidth 1/Bandwidth is the capacity of a wired or wireless network communications link to transmit the maximum amount of data from one point to another over a computer network or
internet connection in each amount of time -- usually one second. Synonymous with capacity, bandwidth describes the data transfer rate. Bandwidth is not a measure of network speed -- a common misconception. 2/Bandwidth requirements for the networks Bandwidth affects how long it takes to download or upload information over the Internet. A connection that has plenty of bandwidth available provides a smooth, responsive user experience. The more available bandwidth, the more quickly data can be transferred; however, the law of diminishing returns applies here. Once you have sufficient bandwidth, Internet performance is not further affected. P3 Discuss the operating principles of networking devices and server types. Networking devices:
- Servers.
- Hub, routers.
- Switches.
- Multilayer switch, firewall, HIDS, repeaters; bridges.
- Wireless devices.
- Access point (wireless/wired), content filter, Load balancer,
- Modem, Packet shaper, VPN concentrator. There is some the popular network device use all in the designs:
In many ways, collaboration software, once called ‘groupware,’ demonstrates the original power of the Web. Collaboration software designed to enable users to collaborate, regardless of location, via the Internet or a corporate intranet and to work together in a virtual atmosphere.
- FTP Servers One of the oldest of the Internet services, File Transfer Protocol, makes it possible to move one or more files securely between computers while providing file security and organization as well as transfer control.
- List Servers List servers offer a way to better manage mailing lists, whether they be interactive discussions open to the public or one-way lists that deliver announcements, newsletters or advertising.
- Mail Servers Almost as ubiquitous and crucial as Web servers, mail servers move and store mail over corporate networks (via LANs and WANs) and across the Internet.
- Open-Source Servers From your underlying open-source server operating system to the server software that help you get your job done, open source software is a critical part of many IT infrastructures.
- Proxy Servers Proxy servers sit between a client program (typically a Web browser) and an external server (typically another server on the Web) to filter requests, improve performance, and share connections.
- Real-Time Communication Servers Real-time communication servers, formerly known as chat servers or IRC Servers, and still sometimes referred to as instant messaging (IM) servers, enable large numbers of users to exchange information near instantaneously.
- Server Platforms
A term often used synonymously with operating system, a platform is the underlying hardware or software for a system and is thus the engine that drives the server.
- Telnet Servers A Telnet server enables users to log on to a host computer and perform tasks as if they’re working on the remote computer itself.
- Virtual Servers In 2009, the number of virtual servers deployed exceeded the number of physical servers. Today, server virtualization has become near ubiquitous in the data center. From hypervisors to hybrid clouds, Server Watch looks at the latest virtualization technology trends.
- Web Servers At its core, a Web server serves static content to a Web browser by loading a file from a disk and serving it across the network to a user’s Web browser. This entire exchange is mediated by the browser and server talking to each other using HTTP. P4 Discuss the interdependence of workstation hardware with relevant networking software.
- Explain what is meant by interdependencies Interdependence is one of the key principles within the philosophy of systems, in that most system meanings include the notion of interconnectedness between a collection of pieces. Even so, the principle of interdependency is also the core term used to describe a structure, in that there is no framework, without interdependence between pieces, only a collection of separate components.
- Give examples of interdependency. To imagine what is the interdependencies looks like, the reality example should be showed up. An individual is a living entity. Through their environments, many living beings communicate
- Define networking software Network software is a fundamental element for any network. It helps administrators deploy, manage and monitor a network. Traditional networks are made up of specialized hardware, such as routers and switches, and network software packages into the solution. Software-defined networks (SDNs) separate the software from hardware, making it easy to innovate and adjust the network to quickly respond to changing network needs. Network software is not the same as software applications. Network software shows the network's internal operations to administrators, while software applications allow end users to perform specific tasks. Network software is invisible to end users - it is simply used to facilitate those users to access network resources seamlessly.
- Discuss and explain the intendency of workstation hardware with networking software. Derive an example from your discussion Workstation use as the personal computer, but faster and more cable than the personal computers. Because they are PCs, they can also be used independently of mainframes assuming they have their own applications installed and stored their own hard disks. The network interface card is a computer hardware that allows computers to be combined with each other on a network that is usually a local area network. Networked computers always communicate with each other using the protocol specified to transmit data packets. The network interface card acts as a translator that allows the machine to send and retrieve data on the LAN. Information system experts often use these cards to establish a wireless or wired networks. When a request is received from computer, over the internet to the server, there are some scheduling algorithms, which determines what or resource is to be given to which request. In this way a software interacts, with the workstation hardware. P5 Provide a logical/physical design of the networked system with clear explanation and addressing table
- Explain the difference between logical and physical design
1/A Logical Network Design is focused on how to layout your plant and enterprise and where you would locate key distributor points for the network as well as what types of devices and switches you should use to interconnect the plant. It can also include how to do IP addresses, VLANs, and switch configurators. 2/A Physical Network Design determines what the physical infrastructure needs to look like and how to interconnect all the devices.
- Discuss and explain the USER Requirement for the design Introduction: In this section as a network designer. I would like to present the network design of a 3 building. Building: 3 floors, all computers and printers are on the ground floor apart from the IT labs – one lab located on the first floor, and another located on the second floor. The network devices I use in this design include DNS server, Web server, DHCP, Mail server 5 Switches.
- Provide a physical design of the network based on user requirement
On the first and second floor:
