Neuron anatomy and types, Exams of Neuroanatomy

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NEURONNEURON

Chapter : 13^ Chapter : 13

DR.SAJID ALI

Doctors Institute Of Medical Sciences Mardan 03128063737

NEURON  DEFINITION A neuron is a nerve cell that is the basic building block of the nervous system. Neurons are similar to other cells in the human body in a number of ways, but there is one key difference between neurons and other cells. Neurons are specialized to transmit information throughout the body

Sensory Neurons  (^) carry signals from the outer parts of your body (periphery) into the central nervous system.  (^) Sensory neurons help you:  (^) Taste ,smell ,hear ,see , feel things around you.  (^) Sensory neurons are triggered by physical and chemical inputs from your environment. Sound, touch, heat, and light are physical inputs. Smell and taste are chemical inputs.

Motor Neurons  (^) Motor neurons play a role in movement, including voluntary and involuntary movements. These neurons allow the brain and spinal cord to communicate with muscles, organs, and glands all over the body.  (^) There are two types of motor neurons: lower and upper. Lower motor neurons carry signals from the spinal cord to the smooth muscles and the skeletal muscles. Upper motor neurons carry signals between your brain and spinal cord.

STRUCTURE OF NEURON  NEURON HAVE THE FOLLOWING PARTS.

1. CELL BODY
2. AXON
3. DENDRITES

AXON  An axon is a long, tail-like structure which joins the cell body at a specialized junction called the axon hillock.  (^) Many axons are insulated with a fatty substance called myelin. Myelin helps axons to conduct an electrical signal. Neurons generally have one main axon.

DENDRITES (DENDRON)  Dendrites are fibrous roots that branch out from the cell body. Like antennae, dendrites receive and process signals from the axons of other neurons. Neurons can have more than one set of dendrites, known as dendritic trees. How many they have generally depends on their role.