NURS 283 W3D3 Patho Notes
Blood returns to the heart through superior and inferior vena cave, flow through right
atrium into right ventricle to pulmonary artery to lungs and get oxygenated and
returns to pulmonary veins of left atrium to left ventricle and to body
Systole – peak pressure of ventricle ctx
Diastole – ventricular relaxation, lowest pressure
Hypertension – leads to every cardiac disease, not getting diastole
as should Why?
Cardiac output – (HR)(SV) how much blood heart
pumping out SV – how much blood comes out in
one pump
Preload – end of diastole volume (blood in ventricle), venous return
Afterload – how much pressure ventricle have to overcome; pressure in the
aorta, Total Peripheral Resistance
Contractility – ability of heart to actually contract; affected by end diastole
volume, sympathetic nervous system (fight or flight), oxygen supply to
heart
HR – blood at one minute; CNS, ANS, hormones, electric
receptors Coronary arteries feed O to heart itself
Blood vessels
Diseases of the veins – DVT
Definition: thrombus formation in a vein (often Saphenous vein)
Cause: venous stasis – blood stops; immobility, venous endothelial damage,
hypercoagulability Risk factors: bed-rest, age, immobility, trauma, CHF,
pregnancy, hormone therapy
Symptoms: pain, redness, swelling, heat
Risk: dislodge from calf and move somewhere else (lungs). PE pulmonary embolism
Hypertension
Definition: elevation systemic blood pressure; 140/90 primary 95% secondary 5%
Causes: genetics and environment, RAAS, hormone, inflammation, increased peripheral
resisance, increased blood volume
Risk Factors: family history, age, smoking, obesity, alcohol, male geneder, black,
sodium, glucose intolerance
Symptoms: BP above 140/90
Risk for secondary diseases: retinal disease, renal disease, cardiac disease, neurologic
disease
RAAS – increase blood pressure in respond to tissue hypoxia; organs that sense
hypoxia- kidneys. Kidney release hormone: renin
Decrease O kidneys renin liver increase angiotensinogen angiotensin I
renin
angiotensin I lungs ACE (angiotensin converting enzymes) angiotensin II
