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Question 1. Which ONAP architectural principle emphasizes that services are described by reusable, technology‑agnostic models? A) Policy‑driven B) Model‑driven C) Service‑agnostic D) Cloud‑native Answer: B Explanation: Model‑driven architecture means that services, VNFs, and resources are defined using standards such as TOSCA or YANG, allowing the same model to be used across different deployments. Question 2. In ONAP, the component responsible for maintaining a single source of truth for resource topology is: A) Service Orchestrator (SO) B) Data Collection, Analytics and Events (DCAE) C) Active‑&‑Available Inventory (A&AI) D) Multi‑Cloud (MC) Answer: C Explanation: A&AI stores real‑time information about physical and virtual resources, exposing APIs for queries and updates. Question 3. Which of the following best describes the role of the Design‑Time component SDC? A) Executes runtime VNF scaling actions B) Provides a UI for creating service and resource models C) Collects telemetry from VNFs D) Manages Kubernetes deployments Answer: B
Explanation: Service Design and Creation (SDC) is the design‑time studio where users author TOSCA service templates, resource models, and associated artifacts. Question 4. The primary purpose of the Policy Decision Point (PDP) in ONAP is to: A) Store VNF configuration files B) Evaluate policies and return decisions to the enforcement point C) Generate BPMN workflows for service instantiation D) Perform health checks on microservices Answer: B Explanation: The PDP receives policy requests, evaluates them against defined policies, and returns allow/deny or other decisions to the Policy Enforcement Point. Question 5. Which ONAP module is responsible for translating TOSCA service templates into executable BPMN workflows? A) Service Orchestrator (SO) B) Policy Framework (PF) C) Design‑Time Component (SDC) D) Controller Design Studio (CDS) Answer: A Explanation: SO consumes the TOSCA model, expands it into a BPMN process, and orchestrates the lifecycle steps. Question 6. In the ONAP VNF onboarding process, which descriptor format is mandated for a SOL004‑compliant VNF package? A) OpenStack Heat B) TOSCA‑simple‑yaml‑1. C) ETSI NFV SOL004 VNFD (YAML)
B) OpenTelemetry JSON C) Syslog RFC D) SNMP Trap Answer: D Explanation: DCAE primarily consumes VES, OpenTelemetry, and Syslog formats; SNMP traps are not directly supported as a collector input. Question 10. In ONAP, the component that provides a UI for policy authoring, testing, and deployment is: A) Policy Engine (PE) B) CLAMP (Closed‑Loop Automation Management Platform) C) SDC (Service Design and Creation) D) A&AI UI Answer: B Explanation: CLAMP offers a graphical interface for creating policy models, validating them, and managing their lifecycle. Question 11. Which ONAP component executes VNF‑specific actions such as scaling, healing, or configuration changes? A) Service Orchestrator (SO) B) VF‑C (Virtual Function Controller) C) DCAE D) A&AI Answer: B Explanation: VF‑C is the runtime controller that receives commands from SO and interacts with VNFs through adapters or blueprints.
Question 12. The term “blueprint” in the context of Controller Design Studio (CDS) refers to: A) A TOSCA service template B) A BPMN diagram for service flow C) An Ansible or Python script that defines actions for a controller D) A Kubernetes Helm chart Answer: C Explanation: CDS blueprints are reusable automation scripts (Ansible, Python, etc.) that implement controller logic for VNFs or PNFs. Question 13. Which of the following is a key benefit of ONAP’s model‑driven approach? A) Reduces the need for runtime monitoring B) Eliminates the need for policy definitions C) Enables automated generation of orchestration workflows from declarative models D) Guarantees zero‑downtime deployments Answer: C Explanation: Model‑driven design allows ONAP to automatically translate TOSCA/YANG models into executable orchestration actions. Question 14. The “Design‑Time” environment in ONAP primarily interacts with which of the following repositories? A) A&AI inventory database B) DMaaP message bus C) SDC artifact repository (Maven/Helm) D) DCAE analytics store Answer: C
D) MC stores VNF telemetry data. Answer: B Explanation: Multi‑Cloud hides VIM‑specific details, exposing a common API to request compute, storage, and network resources. Question 18. When a VNF reports a “high CPU utilization” event, which ONAP component typically initiates the closed‑loop process? A) Service Orchestrator (SO) B) DCAE Analytics (e.g., TAPS) C) Policy Engine (PE) D) A&AI Answer: B Explanation: DCAE analytics processes telemetry, detects anomalies such as high CPU, and triggers a policy evaluation. Question 19. Which API is used by ONAP components to query real‑time inventory information from A&AI? A) RESTCONF B) GraphQL C) OpenAPI (Swagger) defined A&AI APIs D) gRPC Answer: C Explanation: A&AI exposes RESTful OpenAPI endpoints for CRUD operations on inventory objects. Question 20. In ONAP, the term “HEAT” refers to: A) A policy language for risk management
B) An OpenStack orchestration template format used for VNF deployment artifacts C) A monitoring protocol for VNFs D) A security authentication framework Answer: B Explanation: HEAT (Orchestration Template) is an OpenStack format that can be packaged with VNF artifacts for deployment. Question 21. Which of the following is a valid reason to use YANG models within ONAP? A) To define container images for micro‑services B) To describe network device configurations for controllers like VF‑C or App‑C C) To replace TOSCA for service modeling D) To store telemetry data in a time‑series database Answer: B Explanation: YANG is a data modeling language used to define configuration and state data for network devices, which controllers consume. Question 22. The primary function of the Policy Enforcement Point (PEP) in ONAP is to: A) Store policy definitions B) Execute actions based on decisions from the PDP C) Collect telemetry data from VNFs D) Generate service templates Answer: B Explanation: PEP receives decisions from the PDP and enforces them, e.g., by allowing or denying a scaling request. Question 23. Which ONAP component provides the “catalog” of service and resource models for consumption by other modules?
A) Designing service blueprints in SDC B) Automating the creation, validation, and packaging of VNF artifacts C) Managing Kubernetes clusters for OOM D) Defining security policies for APIs Answer: B Explanation: VNF‑SDK provides tools and CI pipelines to help developers build and test VNF packages that meet ONAP standards. Question 27. Which of the following is NOT a typical step in the ONAP service instantiation flow? A) Service model validation in SDC B) Inventory reservation in A&AI C) Direct VNF configuration without SO involvement D) Workflow execution in SO (BPMN) Answer: C Explanation: SO coordinates all VNF configuration actions; direct configuration bypasses the orchestrated flow and is not standard. Question 28. In ONAP, the term “micro‑service bus (MSB)” refers to: A) The internal message queue used by DCAE B) The component that provides service registration, discovery, and routing for ONAP APIs C) The policy distribution mechanism D) The logging aggregation service Answer: B Explanation: MSB (now called Service Mesh) registers micro‑services, enables discovery, and handles API routing.
Question 29. Which authentication and authorization framework is integrated with ONAP to secure APIs? A) OAuth2 only B) AAF (Authentication and Authorization Framework) C) LDAP D) SAML Answer: B Explanation: AAF provides token‑based authentication and role‑based access control for ONAP components. Question 30. The “VNF Event Stream (VES)” format is defined by which standards body? A) IEEE B) IETF C) ETSI NFV D) OASIS Answer: C Explanation: ETSI NFV defines VES as the standard format for VNF telemetry events. Question 31. Which of the following is a correct statement about ONAP’s “Design‑Time vs Run‑Time” separation? A) Design‑Time components generate runtime data streams. B) Run‑Time components can modify TOSCA models directly. C) Design‑Time focuses on modeling and validation; Run‑Time handles execution and monitoring. D) Both layers share the same database schema. Answer: C
D) Measure‑Adapt‑Persist‑Extend Answer: A Explanation: MAPE is the standard loop: monitor data, analyze conditions, plan corrective actions, and execute them. Question 35. Which of the following best describes a “service product” in ONAP terminology? A) A packaged VNF image ready for deployment B) A collection of services bundled for a specific market offering C) A set of policy rules for a particular use case D) A Helm chart for OOM deployment Answer: B Explanation: A product aggregates multiple services (e.g., vCPE, vFW) into a marketable offering. Question 36. When a policy decision results in a “scale‑out” action, which component ultimately triggers the VNF scaling? A) A&AI directly modifies VNF resources B) DCAE sends a scaling command to the VNF C) Service Orchestrator (SO) invokes VF‑C to perform scaling D) CLAMP executes an Ansible playbook on the VNF host Answer: C Explanation: SO receives the policy decision and calls VF‑C (or App‑C) to carry out the scaling operation. Question 37. Which of the following is NOT a supported descriptor format for VNF onboarding in ONAP? A) SOL004 VNFD (YAML)
B) TOSCA‑simple‑yaml‑1.0 for VNFs C) OpenStack Heat template only D) Cloudify Blueprint (CSAR) Answer: C Explanation: While Heat can be part of a VNF package, onboarding requires a VNFD (SOL004) or TOSCA descriptor; a pure Heat file alone is insufficient. Question 38. The “Controller Design Studio” (CDS) provides which of the following capabilities? A) Automatic generation of TOSCA templates from code B) Visual editing of BPMN workflows C) Creation and testing of controller blueprints (Ansible/Python) D) Real‑time telemetry visualization Answer: C Explanation: CDS is a development environment for building and validating controller actions. Question 39. Which ONAP component is the primary source for “resource health” information used by the policy engine? A) A&AI B) DCAE Analytics (e.g., TAPS) C) Service Orchestrator (SO) D) Multi‑Cloud (MC) Answer: B Explanation: DCAE collects and processes health metrics; policies can query this data to make decisions.
Question 43. In ONAP, “pre‑instantiation” of a VNF typically involves: A) Running the VNF’s health checks before adding it to inventory B) Reserving compute and network resources in the underlying VIM C) Uploading the VNF package to SDC only D) Generating a policy to auto‑scale the VNF after deployment Answer: B Explanation: Pre‑instantiation ensures that the required resources are available before actual VNF launch. Question 44. Which of the following statements about the “Policy Framework” is FALSE? A) It supports both declarative and operational policies. B) Policies are stored in a distributed key‑value store. C) The PDP evaluates policies at runtime. D) Policies can trigger actions in SO or directly in controllers. Answer: B Explanation: Policies are stored in a relational database (e.g., Postgres) accessed via the Policy Engine, not a generic KV store. Question 45. The term “service instance” in ONAP refers to: A) A single VNF deployment B) An instantiated service model that may contain multiple VNFs and resources C) A Helm chart deployment of ONAP itself D) A policy rule applied to a VNF Answer: B Explanation: A service instance is the runtime realization of a service template, encompassing all constituent VNFs, PNFs, and network resources.
Question 46. Which of the following is a primary advantage of using TOSCA for service modeling in ONAP? A) It enforces a strict programming language syntax. B) It enables vendor‑agnostic, portable service definitions. C) It eliminates the need for any runtime orchestration. D) It provides built‑in security encryption. Answer: B Explanation: TOSCA’s abstraction lets services be described independently of the underlying infrastructure or vendor. Question 47. In ONAP, the “A&AI” acronym stands for: A) Automated & Adaptive Interface B) Active & Available Inventory C) Application & API Integration D) Analytics & Alerting Infrastructure Answer: B Explanation: A&AI maintains active and available inventory data for all resources. Question 48. Which of the following is NOT a typical function of the “DCAE” micro‑services? A) Collecting VNF telemetry B) Performing analytics and correlation C) Storing service templates D) Publishing processed events to DMaaP Answer: C
D) OOM
Answer: B Explanation: DCAE analytics detect abnormal conditions and forward a trigger to the Policy Engine. Question 52. Which of the following is a correct description of “VNFC” in ONAP? A) Virtual Network Function Component – a logical piece of a VNF that can be scaled independently B) Vendor Network Function Catalog – a repository of third‑party VNFs C) Virtual Network Flow Controller – the data plane of a VNF D) VNF Configuration File – stored in A&AI Answer: A Explanation: VNFCs are the building blocks of a VNF; each can be instantiated, scaled, or healed separately. Question 53. The “policy model” in ONAP is stored in which format? A) XML Schema (XSD) B) JSON‑based DSL defined by the Policy Engine C) YAML OpenAPI specifications D) TOSCA service templates Answer: B Explanation: ONAP policies are defined using a JSON‑based domain‑specific language that the Policy Engine parses. Question 54. Which ONAP component is primarily responsible for “service level agreement (SLA) monitoring” in a production environment? A) DCAE Analytics
B) Service Orchestrator (SO) C) A&AI D) CLAMP Answer: D Explanation: CLAMP can define SLA‑based policies and monitor compliance, triggering remediation when violations occur. Question 55. When a VNF fails to start due to a missing image, which ONAP component will report the failure first? A) VF‑C (controller) B) Service Orchestrator (SO) workflow step C) A&AI inventory update D) DCAE health check Answer: B Explanation: SO’s BPMN workflow includes a step to invoke the VNF’s creation; if the image is missing, that step fails and SO reports the error. Question 56. Which of the following best explains the purpose of “pre‑load configuration data” in ONAP? A) To seed policy definitions before the Policy Engine starts B) To provide default values for service templates during instantiation C) To populate A&AI with static topology (e.g., data center racks) before any service is created D) To configure the logging level of all micro‑services Answer: C Explanation: Pre‑load inserts known infrastructure elements into A&AI, enabling accurate resource selection.
