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Question 1. Which ONAP functional block is primarily responsible for creating and managing network service models during design time? A) Service Orchestrator (SO) B) Active & Available Inventory (A&AI) C) Design Studio (SDC) D) Data Collection, Analytics and Events (DCAE) Answer: C Explanation: SDC (Service Design and Creation) is the central repository and design environment where service and resource models are created and maintained before deployment. Question 2. In ONAP, what does the acronym “CNF” stand for? A) Cloud Network Function B) Containerized Network Function C) Cloud‑Native Function D) Container‑Native Function Answer: B Explanation: CNF refers to Containerized Network Functions, which run as containers (typically in Kubernetes) and are managed by ONAP’s CNF adapters. Question 3. Which deployment technology does ONAP use for its microservices by default? A) Virtual Machines (VMs) B) Docker containers orchestrated by Kubernetes/Helm C) Bare‑metal servers with Ansible D) OpenShift only Answer: B Explanation: ONAP components are packaged as Docker containers and deployed using Kubernetes with Helm charts, managed by the ONAP Operations Manager (OOM).
Question 4. The closed‑loop automation in ONAP follows which sequence of steps? A) Monitor → Analyze → Plan → Execute B) Detect → Resolve → Notify → Log C) Collect → Store → Visualize → Report D) Provision → Configure → Scale → Decommission Answer: A Explanation: Closed‑loop automation follows the M‑A‑P‑E (Monitor, Analyze, Plan, Execute) cycle to automatically react to network events. Question 5. Which ONAP component stores real‑time information about services, resources, and their relationships? A) Policy Framework (POLICY) B) Service Orchestrator (SO) C) Active & Available Inventory (A&AI) D) Multi‑Cloud (MultiCloud) Answer: C Explanation: A&AI is the authoritative inventory that maintains current state and topology of all network elements. Question 6. What format is used for onboarding VNF/CNF packages into SDC? A) ZIP B) TAR.GZ C) CSAR (Cloud Service Archive) D) OCI Image Answer: C
D) CLAMP (Control Loop Automation Management Platform) Answer: A Explanation: MSB provides service registration, discovery, and routing for inter‑component communication. Question 10. In the ONAP architecture, which component executes the end‑to‑end service instantiation workflow? A) Policy Framework (POLICY) B) Service Orchestrator (SO) C) Active & Available Inventory (A&AI) D) Data Collection, Analytics and Events (DCAE) Answer: B Explanation: SO coordinates the full service lifecycle, delegating tasks to VNFs, controllers, and other components. Question 11. Which of the following is NOT a type of policy supported by ONAP? A) Operational Policy B) Placement Policy C) Guard Policy D) Encryption Policy Answer: D Explanation: ONAP policies include Operational, Placement, Guard, and Scaling, but there is no specific “Encryption Policy” type defined in the framework. Question 12. What is the primary purpose of the Controller Design Studio (CDS) in ONAP? A) To design network topologies B) To create domain‑specific controllers and generate configuration artifacts
C) To monitor performance metrics D) To manage user authentication Answer: B Explanation: CDS enables developers to design controllers (e.g., for configuration, resolution) and produce artifacts such as Python scripts or Jinja2 templates. Question 13. Which ONAP component provides the “Hom ing and Allocation Service” (HAS) for workload placement? A) OOF (ONAP Optimization Framework) B) DCAE (Data Collection, Analytics and Events) C) SO (Service Orchestrator) D) AAF (Authentication and Authorization Framework) Answer: A Explanation: OOF’s HAS determines optimal placement of VNFs/CNFs based on policies, resources, and constraints. Question 14. The “Helm” tool in ONAP is used for which purpose? A) Authentication of users B) Packaging and deploying Kubernetes‑based CNF artifacts C) Collecting telemetry data D) Defining service policies Answer: B Explanation: Helm charts package CNF resources and lifecycle definitions for deployment onto Kubernetes clusters. Question 15. Which ONAP subsystem is responsible for collecting telemetry from VNFs via the VES (VNF Event Stream) protocol?
Question 18. What is the function of the “CCS‑DK” in ONAP? A) Provides a common development kit for building controllers. B) Stores inventory data for all resources. C) Manages user authentication across microservices. D) Performs data analytics on collected metrics. Answer: A Explanation: CCS‑DK (Common Controller Software Development Kit) offers reusable libraries and frameworks for creating ONAP controllers. Question 19. Which ONAP component is most directly involved in scaling a VNF instance horizontally? A) AAF B) Policy Framework (POLICY) C) Service Orchestrator (SO) D) MSB Answer: C Explanation: SO orchestrates scaling actions by invoking VNFM and updating the inventory accordingly. Question 20. The “vCPE” blueprint in ONAP primarily demonstrates which capability? A) 5G core network slicing B) Virtualization of customer premises equipment using VNFs/CNFs C) Cross‑domain VPN provisioning D) Cloud‑native DNS service deployment Answer: B Explanation: vCPE (virtual Customer Premises Equipment) showcases ONAP’s ability to deliver virtualized CPE functions via VNFs/CNFs.
Question 21. Which of the following is a standard ONAP uses for describing service models? A) YANG B) TOSCA C) OpenAPI D) NETCONF Answer: B Explanation: TOSCA (Topology and Orchestration Specification for Cloud Applications) is the primary modeling language for ONAP service definitions. Question 22. In ONAP, which component validates a CSAR package before it is stored in the design repository? A) OOM B) SDC validator C) DCAE validator D) AAF validator Answer: B Explanation: SDC includes a CSAR validation step that checks package integrity, schema compliance, and artifact completeness. Question 23. Which ONAP microservice provides role‑based access control (RBAC) for other components? A) AAF (Authentication and Authorization Framework) B) MSB C) OOM D) DCAE
Answer: B Explanation: CLAMP (Control Loop Automation Management Platform) allows users to design, deploy, and monitor control loops. Question 27. Which of the following best describes the “Design‑Time vs. Run‑Time” distinction in ONAP? A) Design‑Time handles policy enforcement; Run‑Time handles user authentication. B) Design‑Time creates models and artifacts; Run‑Time executes those models in the live network. C) Design‑Time monitors performance; Run‑Time collects telemetry. D) Design‑Time is only for CNFs; Run‑Time is only for VNFs. Answer: B Explanation: Design‑Time (e.g., SDC) focuses on model creation, while Run‑Time (e.g., SO, DCAE) carries out deployment and operation. Question 28. Which ONAP component would you use to retrieve the current status of a VNF instance? A) A&AI B) POLICY C) OOM D) MSB Answer: A Explanation: A&AI holds real‑time inventory data, including the operational status of VNF instances. Question 29. In ONAP, what is the purpose of a “Heat template” generated by SDC? A) Define security policies for services B) Describe OpenStack orchestration of VNFs
C) Configure Kubernetes network policies D) Provide a UI for service designers Answer: B Explanation: Heat templates are used to orchestrate resources in OpenStack clouds, and SDC can generate them as part of VNF packaging. Question 30. Which ONAP subsystem interacts directly with external VIMs to provision compute resources? A) MultiCloud B) DCAE C) AAF D) POLICY Answer: A Explanation: MultiCloud abstracts and communicates with various VIMs (OpenStack, VMware, Kubernetes) to allocate compute resources. Question 31. Which of the following is a primary benefit of ONAP’s metadata‑driven orchestration? A) Faster CPU performance B) Ability to change behavior without code changes C) Reduced network latency D) Automatic encryption of all traffic Answer: B Explanation: Metadata‑driven orchestration allows dynamic behavior changes by updating models or policies rather than modifying source code. Question 32. In the context of ONAP, what does “PNF” stand for?
Question 35. What is the role of the “CNF Adapter” in ONAP? A) Translate CNF Helm charts into OpenStack Heat templates B) Bridge ONAP control loops with Kubernetes‑based CNFs C) Provide authentication for CNF APIs D) Collect telemetry from CNFs via SNMP Answer: B Explanation: The CNF Adapter enables ONAP to manage CNFs on Kubernetes, handling lifecycle operations and policy enforcement. Question 36. Which ONAP component is responsible for executing configuration scripts on network elements? A) Service Orchestrator (SO) B) SDN‑C (Software‑Defined Network Controller) C) Policy Framework (POLICY) D) DCAE Answer: B Explanation: SDN‑C (or other domain controllers) execute configuration and pre‑provisioning steps on network devices. Question 37. Which ONAP microservice provides health monitoring and logging for other components? A) MSB B) OOM C) DCAE D) AAF Answer: B
Explanation: OOM (ONAP Operations Manager) includes health checks, monitoring, and lifecycle management for ONAP components. Question 38. In an ONAP‑based 5G network slicing scenario, which component is responsible for slice selection and admission control? A) OOF (Optimization Framework) B) Policy Framework (POLICY) C) Service Orchestrator (SO) D) A&AI Answer: A Explanation: OOF’s Homing and Allocation Service decides slice placement and admission based on resources and policies. Question 39. Which of the following is a typical input to the OOF Homing service? A) User credentials B) Service topology model and placement constraints C) Log files from DCAE D) Encryption keys for VNFs Answer: B Explanation: OOF requires the service model, resource requirements, and placement constraints to compute optimal locations. Question 40. What does “A&AI” stand for in ONAP? A) Authentication & Authorization Interface B) Active & Available Inventory C) Automated & Adaptive Integration D) Analytics & Aggregation Infrastructure
D) RESTCONF
Answer: B Explanation: VES is the standard protocol for streaming telemetry and fault events from VNFs to DCAE. Question 44. In ONAP, a “Blueprint” typically refers to: A) A physical drawing of network topology B) A pre‑defined service flow that combines multiple components to solve a use case C) A security policy template D) A database schema for inventory Answer: B Explanation: Blueprints are end‑to‑end service templates (e.g., vCPE, 5G slicing) that illustrate how ONAP components work together. Question 45. Which ONAP component is responsible for translating a policy trigger into an actionable workflow? A) Service Orchestrator (SO) B) Policy Framework (POLICY) C) DCAE D) OOM Answer: B Explanation: POLICY receives triggers (e.g., from DCAE), evaluates them, and initiates corresponding workflows. Question 46. Which of the following is a key advantage of using Kubernetes for CNF deployment in ONAP? A) Simplified SNMP configuration
B) Native support for container scaling and self‑healing C) Direct integration with legacy hardware D) Elimination of the need for a VIM Answer: B Explanation: Kubernetes provides built‑in scaling, rolling updates, and health management for containerized CNFs. Question 47. The “AAF” component in ONAP integrates with which external standard for identity management? A) OAuth 2. B) LDAP/Active Directory C) SAML 2. D) All of the above Answer: D Explanation: AAF supports OAuth, LDAP, and SAML for flexible authentication and identity federation. Question 48. In ONAP, which component would you query to obtain the relationship graph between a service and its constituent VNFs? A) Policy Framework (POLICY) B) Active & Available Inventory (A&AI) C) Service Orchestrator (SO) D) DCAE Answer: B Explanation: A&AI stores the full topology and relationship graph for services and their resources.
Explanation: CLAMP allows designers to define control loops that react to telemetry (e.g., CPU) and trigger scaling via SO. Question 52. In ONAP, the “Placement Policy” is evaluated by which component during service instantiation? A) A&AI B) Policy Framework (POLICY) C) Service Orchestrator (SO) D) OOF Answer: D Explanation: OOF’s Homing service evaluates placement policies to decide where to instantiate VNFs/CNFs. Question 53. Which of the following statements about “CNF” lifecycle management in ONAP is correct? A) CNFs are managed only by the Service Orchestrator, without any adapters. B) The CNF Adapter translates ONAP commands into Kubernetes API calls. C) CNFs cannot be scaled after deployment. D) CNFs are packaged as VNF packages only. Answer: B Explanation: The CNF Adapter bridges ONAP’s orchestration commands to Kubernetes, handling create, update, and delete operations. Question 54. Which ONAP microservice provides the “Event Bus” for asynchronous communication among components? A) MSB B) DCAE C) OOM
D) AAF
Answer: A Explanation: MSB acts as the internal message bus enabling asynchronous REST calls and event propagation. Question 55. Which ONAP component is responsible for collecting performance metrics from a VNF using SNMP? A) Policy Framework (POLICY) B) DCAE SNMP Collector C) Service Orchestrator (SO) D) A&AI Answer: B Explanation: DCAE includes an SNMP collector that polls VNFs for performance data. Question 56. In ONAP, a “Guard Policy” typically serves which purpose? A) To define scaling thresholds B) To prevent actions that could violate constraints (e.g., over‑provisioning) C) To encrypt data at rest D) To schedule periodic backups Answer: B Explanation: Guard Policies enforce constraints and stop workflows that would breach defined limits. Question 57. Which of the following best describes the “Design‑Time” workflow for creating a new VNF package? A) Onboard CSAR → Validate → Store in SDC → Distribute to Run‑Time B) Deploy via OOM → Register with A&AI → Start telemetry collection
