Inorganic Compound Naming: Oxidation States, Nomenclature, Formulas, Study notes of Latin

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N

2

H

5

N

2

HNO

2

Oxidation States of

Nitrogen

Oxidation

HNO

3

N

2

O

NO

NH

3

HN

3

Reduction

HClO

HClO

3

Oxidation States of

Chlorine

Oxidation

HClO

4

HClO

2

ClO

2

HCl

Cl

2

Reduction

Naming Some Inorganic Compounds z

Binary compounds are made of two elements.

metal + nonmetal = ionic compound

nonmetal + nonmetal = covalent compound

z

Name the

more metallic

element

first

Use the element’s name.

z

Name the

less metallic

element

second

Add the suffix “i

de

” to the element’s stem.

Naming Some Inorganic Compounds z

LiBr

lithium bromide

z

Li

2

S

lithium sulfide

z

Al

2

O

3

aluminum oxide

z

Na

3

P

sodium phosphide

z

Mg

3

N

2

magnesium nitride

Naming Some Inorganic Compounds

z

Compound

Old System

Modern System

z

FeBr

2

ferrous bromide

iron(II) bromide

z

FeBr

3

ferric bromide

iron(III) bromide

z

TiCl

2

titanous chloride

titanium(II) chloride

z

TiCl

3

titanic chloride

titanium(III) chloride

z

TiCl

4

does not work does not work

titanium(IV) chloride

Naming Some Inorganic Compounds

z z

Binary Acids

Binary Acids

are binary compounds

consisting of hydrogen and a nonmetal.

z

Compounds are usually

gases

at room

temperature and pressure.

Nomenclature for the

gaseous

compounds is

hydrogen (stem)ide

z

When the compounds are

dissolved in water

they form acidic solutions.

Nomenclature for the

acidic solutions

is

hydro (stem)ic acid

Naming Some Inorganic Compounds

z z

Binary covalent molecular

Binary covalent molecular

compounds

compounds composed of

composed of

two nonmetals other than

two nonmetals other than

hydrogen

hydrogen

Nomenclature must includeprefixes that

specify the number

of atoms

of each element in the

compound.

Naming Some Inorganic Compounds z

Formula

Name

z

CO

(mono)carbon monoxide

z

CO

2

carbon dioxide

z

SO

3

sulfur trioxide

z

OF

2

oxygen difluoride

z

P

4

O

6

tetraphosphorus hexoxide

Naming Some Inorganic Compounds

z z

Ternary Acids and Their Salts

Ternary Acids and Their Salts

are made of three

elements.

The elements are H, O & a nonmetal.

z

Two of the compounds are chosen as the basis forthe nomenclature system.

Higher oxidation state for nonmetal is named (stem)ic acid.

Lower oxidation state for nonmetal is named (stem)ous acid

z

Salts are named based on the acids.

Anions of -ic acids make “ate” salts.

Anions of -ous acids make “ite” salts.

Naming Some Inorganic Compounds

z

Salts are formed by the reaction of the acidwith a strong base.

z

Acid

Salt

z

HNO

2

NaNO

2

nitrous acid

sodium nitrite

z

HNO

3

NaNO

3

nitric acid

sodium nitrate

z

H

2

SO

3

Na

2

SO

3

sulfurous acid

sodium sulfite

Naming Some Inorganic Compounds z

Acids that have a higher oxidation state thanthe “ic” acid are given the prefix “per”.

These acids and salts will have one more O atom thanthe “ic” acid.

z

Acids that have a lower oxidation state thanthe “ous” acid are given the prefix “hypo”.

These acids and salts will have one less O atom thanthe “ic” acid.

Naming Some Inorganic Compounds z

Acid

Na Salt

z

HClO

NaClO

hypochlorous acid

sodium hypochlorite

z

HClO

2

NaClO

2

chlorous acid

sodium chlorite

z

HClO

3

NaClO

3

chloric acid

sodium chlorate

z

HClO

4

NaClO

4

perchloric acid

sodium perchlorate

Naming Some Inorganic Compounds

z z

Acidic Salts

Acidic Salts

are made from ternary acids that

retain one or more of their acidic hydrogen atoms.

Made from acid base reactions where there is aninsufficient amount of base to react with all of the hydrogenatoms.

z

Old system used the prefix

“bi

bi”

to denote the

hydrogen atom.

z

Modern system uses prefixes and the wordhydrogen.