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Patho Final Study Notes Review
1.histone modification: -what happens when there are CHEMICAL
changes to the histone proteins that DNA is wrapped around
-histones are basic proteins that work to compress DNA in the nucleus to
form chromatin and then there is a platform for regulating gene
transcription
2.Histone modification cont.: -histone modification can be a consequence
of DNA methylation
-indirectly affects DNA
-proteins can attach chemical tags to histones
-cell's proteins detect these tags to determine if that region of DNA
should be turned on or off
3.Prader-Willi Syndrome: -deletion of 4 mb pairs of long arm of
chromosome 15
-inherited from father
4.Prader-Willi characteristics: short stature, hypotonia, small hands
and feet, obesity, mild to moderate mental retardation, and
hypogonadism.
5.Angelman Syndrome: -deletion of 4mb from chromosome 15
-mother
6.Angelman syndrome symptoms: severe intellectual disability, seizures,
ataxic gait
7.Atrophy: decreased cell size, shrinkage
-occurs most in skeletal muscle, heart muscle, secondary sex organs,
and the brain
