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PCM – Generation Dispatch Exam Questions
& Answers Latest Update Graded A+
Which of the following statements is correct concerning PJM assuming frequency control of the restoration process? A) PJM assumes control once an external transmission tie has been established. B) Once an Area Control Error can be calculated, PJM will assume control. C) Whenever it becomes too much of a burden for any one Transmission Owner within the RTO D) Whenever the Transmission Owners within the RTO agree to let PJM control the process. - ✔✔C) Whenever it becomes too much of a burden for any one Transmission Owner within the RTO During black start restoration, priority access to cranking power should be given to: A) Hot units that can return to service immediately. B) Combustion turbines in areas where the initial disturbance occurred C)Units with black start capability
D) Hydro Units - ✔✔A) Hot units that can return to service immediately. During a restoration, if you are presented with the opportunity to re-connect with the Eastern Interconnection, you should: A)Not pursue this opportunity because you may cause the Eastern Interconnection to become unstable. B) Pursue this opportunity only when you have adequate Dynamic Reserves on your system C) Pursue this opportunity as quickly as possible D) Pursue this opportunity only if you need cranking power for your generating unity - ✔✔C) Pursue this opportunity as quickly as possible Complete (Total System) Blackouts are characterized by which of the following? 1 - Most common type of blackout 2 - May require coordinating multiple islands 3 - Likely to result in Transmission overloads or other issues 4 - Affects a very large geographical area, and many customers 5 - Most commonly caused by human or switching errors
C) To provide adequate lighting for the plant operators to attempt a restart D) To prepare and expedite the return of the unit - ✔✔D) To prepare and expedite the return of the unit Factors that help determine the sequence of restoration of off-line generation include (Pick 2):
- Generation Type
- Unloaded Capacity
- Unit Availability
- Stability of the Generator - ✔✔-Generation Type
- Unit Availability How often should a Transmission company file an updated restoration report with PJM? 1 - Every 30 minutes 2 - Every hour 3 - Every 10 lines that have been restored 4 - Every 5 lines that have been restored
A) 1 & 4
B) 2 & 3
C) 1 & 3
D) 2 & 4 - ✔✔C) 1 & 3
Which of the following statements are true concerning delays in restoring auxiliary power to off- line generation? 1 - The unit could suffer turbine shaft damage 2 - The fuel oil for the unit could congeal 3 - The startup time for the unit will be reduced 4 - The battery life used to maintain critical systems may run out A) 1, 2 and 3 B) 1, 2 and 4 C) 1, 3 and 4 D) 2, 3 and 4 - ✔✔B) 1, 2 and 4
What is the most critical communication path when restoring large load blocks early in a system restoration? A) Between the Generating Unit and the Transmission Owner B) Between PJM and the generating plant C) Between the Generator Owner (or MOC) and the generating unit D) Between the transmission owner and the MOC - ✔✔A) Between the Generating Unit and the Transmission Owner Your entire system has blacked out due to an event. You receive word from PJM that the entire region is affected as well. Your blackstart generation resources are spread throughout your system, which cover a large area. Which restoration strategy would be the best for you to implement? A) Combination approach B) Bottom-up Core Island approach C) Top-down approach D) Bottom-up Multiple Island approach - ✔✔D) Bottom-up multiple island approach
During a system restoration, which entity directs the loading of generation, to match the load restored? A) PJM B) The Generating Unit C) The Transmission Owner D) The Generation Owner (or MOC) - ✔✔C) The Transmission Owner Your entire system has blacked out due to an event. You receive information the your neighboring systems are also blacked out. Your main urban load center restoration strategy would be the best for you to implement? A) Combination approach B) Bottom-up Core Island approach C) Top-down approach D) Bottom-up Multiple Island approach - ✔✔B) Bottom-up Core Island approach Select the statement that best describes why Minimum Source Requirements have been established:
B) 2
C) 3
D) 4 - ✔✔B) 2
During a restoration process you have 6,000MW of customer demand restored and frequency drop by 1 Hz how much load needs to be shed to restore frequency back to where it was prior to the disturbance? A) 180MW to 360MW B) 300MW to 480MW C) 360MW to 600MW D) 480MW to 720MW - ✔✔C) 360MW to 600MW Which of the following is/are requirements for Black Start Units? (Pick all that apply)
- Must have and maintain procedures for the unit
- Have the ability to maintain frequency and voltage under varying load
- Must be tested every 3 years
- Must be able to run for 12 hours, or defined by the TO restoration plan - ✔✔-Must have and maintain procedures for the unit
- Have the ability to maintain frequency and voltage under varying load
- Must be tested every 3 years Which of the following statements would be considered an implication from receiving power from an outside entity? A) Equipment Damage B) Isolation of the unit from the outside entity C) Maximize the time for generator restarts D) Unintentional interconnection between the two areas - ✔✔D) Unintentional interconnection between the two areas Which of the following would be considered pre-tie preparations when interconnecting islands? (Select 2)
- Ensure reliable communications are available for all entities involved in the interconnection process
B) Every 1/2 hour C) For every unit returning to service D) As conditions on the system change - ✔✔A) On an hourly basis Concerning PJM requirements for critical start generation, which of the following statements applies to the units capability to maintain frequency? () A) Dynamic offline testing of the units voltage controls B) Picking up an isolated block of loads C) Producing leading and lagging VARs D) Dynamic Off-line testing of the units governor control - ✔✔B) Picking up an isolated block of loads D) Dynamic Off-line testing of the units governor control During system restoration, a generator should not be loaded above the level of available A) operating reserve B) synchronized reserve C) primary reserve
D) dynamic reserve - ✔✔D) dynamic reserve Dynamic Reserves consist of A) Governor Reserve and load that has been restored with under frequency relays B) Quick-start generation that can be loaded within 10 minutes C) On-line generation that can be loaded within 10 minutes D) Customer load that can be manually shed within 10 minutes - ✔✔A) Governor Reserve and load that has been restored with under frequency relays Each Generation Operator with a black start resource shall provide training to each of its operating personnel responsible for operating the unit at a minimum of A) One hour of training every two calendar years B) Two hours of training every two calendar years C) One hour of training every three calendar years D) Two hours of training every three calendar years - ✔✔B) Two hours of training every two calendar years
A) The line is clearly faulted and should not be re-energized until all other facilities are in service. B) The line is not faulted and can be re-energized immediately. C) Clear the remaining breakers on the bus and test energize it with a remote line D) Have field personnel check the relay targets at both terminals to determine if the line is faulted
- ✔✔D) Have field personnel check the relay targets at both terminals to determine if the line is faulted Using the following information, determine the maximum amount of load that should be restored (assume a 5% governor droop). Generation Capacity on-line = 1000MW System Load = 800MW System Frequency = 60.5 Hz A) 50MW B) 90MW C) 120MW D) 150MW - ✔✔A) 50MW
Do not restore load blocks that exceed 5% of the synchronized gen capacity Which of the following would be considered as the 'final step' in determining the status of generation after a disturbance or event has occurred? A) Determine the status of generation that was off-line prior to the event B) Stabilize surviving on-line generation C) Determine what generation survived the event and is still in service D) Determine the status of generation that was off-line prior to the event - ✔✔C) Determine what generation survived the event and is still in service According to PJM, how many critical Blackstart Unit outages may there be per station? A) 3 B) 2 C) 4 D) 1 - ✔✔D) 1
B) maximize unit operation c) stabilize unit operation D) minimize unit operation - ✔✔c) stabilize unit operation During system restoration, frequency should be maintained between A) 59.50 and 60.00 Hz B) 59.75 and 61.50 Hz C) 59.75 and 61.00 Hz D) 59.50 and 60.50 Hz - ✔✔C) 59.75 and 61.00 Hz Concerning the PJM requirements for critical Black Start generation, which of the following statements applies to the unit's capability to maintain frequency? (Select 2)
- Dynamic off-line testing of the unit's governor control
- Picking up an isolated block of loads
- Dynamic off-line testing of the unit's voltage controls
- Producing leading ang lagging VARs - ✔✔- Dynamic off-line testing of the unit's governor control
- Picking up isolated block of loads Which of the following is considered the MOST important form of communication during system restoration? A) Face-to-face conversations B) SCADA data from your EMS C) Hard copy data (Faxed information, emails) D) Voice circuits or radios - ✔✔D) Voice circuits or radios According to the NERC EOP- 005 - 2, Requirement 9, each Transmission Owner shall have Black Start testing requirements in place to verify the capability of each generation resource to meet the restoration plan requirements. Under this process, each generator shall be tested at least every A) Year B) Three years C) Five years
